GR: to give thanks

the act of giving thanks for salvation

A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine

GR: A work for/of the people

official public worship of the Church

Roman "Duties" - Christian Duties 

(Justin Martyr)

Second century originator of the heretical idea that there were two Gods, a judgmental, harsh, tyrannical God of the Old Testament, and a loving Father as revealed by Jesus in the New Testament.

demiurge: creator God (harsh) - OT

Spiritual God: NT

An early Christian apologist and saint. His works represent the earliest surviving Christian "apologies" of notable size.

liturgy: public duty of Rome - Christian Duties

Visible rite of the church by which God bestows invisible Grace

The two Protestant ceremonies are baptism and the Lord's Supper

Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church there are seven traditional rites accepted as instituted by Jesus:

1. baptism
2. confirmation
3. Holy Eucharist
4. reconciliation (penance)
5. holy orders
6. matrimony
7. extreme unction (anointing the sick)

the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist (literal)

Thomas Aquinas

The doctrine of the High Anglican Church that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists (in, with, under) with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine (literal)

Martin Luther

The Eucharist is a memorial of the death of Christ, not a reenactment of his passion (metaphorical)

Zwingli

The Apostolic Fathers are a small number of Early Christian authors. They are acknowledged as leaders in the early church, although their writings were not included in the New Testament.

They include St. Clement of Rome, St. Ignatius of Antioch, and St. Polycarp of Smyrna.

wrote to Christian audience

A senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

Three Marks:

1) Overseer - take care of community, public face

2) Teacher - preaches and teaches community

3) Presides over worship service

"priest" - represent the council of the apostles, advise bishops

--> out to other christians

an elder in the Church

entrusted with the service of Jesus -servant, healer

a Protestant layman who assists the minister. A cleric ranking just below a priest in Christian churches; one of the Holy Orders

Bishop of Carthage

Peter given permission to forgive sins --> some people have authority too. those are Bishops

Bishop of Rome - Pope

GR: haireo - "to choose"

A belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion

time when Jesus was not - not fully God because he did not exist in the beginning - superhuman not divine

A Greek who was a Christian theologian active in Alexandria and who was declared a heretic for his doctrines about God (which came to be known as Arianism - heretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the radical primacy of the Father over the Son) (256?-336)

A formal statement of doctrine of the Christian faith adopted at the Council of Nicaea in A.D. 325 to defend orthodoxy from Arianism and expanded in later councils. 

-God

-Son (Jesus): human and divine

-theotokos (Mary)

-holy spirit

-resurrection

-One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic Church

-baptism

-Afterlife

Syrian who was a Christian bishop and Patriarch of Constantinople

Christ is both the son of God and the man Jesus (which is opposed to Roman Catholic doctrine that Christ is fully God)

A schismatic Christian religion in northern Africa from the 4th to the 7th century;

held that only those who led a blameless life belonged in the church or could administer the sacraments

humans can be saved by works alone; do not need grace. no original sin

The theological doctrine put forward by Pelagius which denied original sin and affirmed the ability of humans to be righteous; condemned as heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431

Archbishop of Canterbury (1093-1109) one of the founders of scholasticism; best known for his proof of the existence of God

Proof of God: 

1) God is the best thing (imaginable)

2) reality is better

3) God exists in Reality

the system of philosophy, theology, and teaching that dominated medieval western Europe and was based on the writings of the Church Fathers

1) article - question

2) objections

3) on the contrary

4) explain

5) explains objections

a method of scholarly inquiry which proceeds by questioning ancient/authoritative texts, first by drawing up listing of contradictory statements, then applying rules of logic to show underlying agreement

to know God through direct personal experience

The branch of theology concerned with the nature and the constitution and the functions of a church

lumen gentium:

catholic universal church (extend to all ppl and nations)

the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity

elements of truth in other denominations; fullness SUBSISTS in RC

the branch of Christian theology that deals with salvation as the effect of a divine agency

                  God (true)                no God (not true)

believe: eternal salvation                 nothing

dont believe: eternal damnation        nothing

one way: anonymous Christians

The practice of incorporating disparate or unreconciled elements in a single, inclusive system or theory. (religion) The view that all religions have a partial truth.

one way: believe in content = heaven

The belief that one's truth (or faith group or religion) is the only truly valid truth (or faith group or religion).

multiple ways: multiple christians

the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements

(354-430) Bishop of Hippo: writes Confessions

fights donatism: says works are important not people presiding over them. 

fights pelagianism: says grace is required to clear original sin 

fights manicheanism: no dualistic gods

fights neoplanonism: salvation through intellect and knowledge not possible. smarter is not always better 

father of Scholasticism

defended transubstantiation (homoousias)

four points:

1. crisis in papacy: western schism and Avignon Popes; conciliarism lessens power of pope and bishops
2. mysticism: emphasis on interior life (personal) and not on works of church
3. humanism: study bible yourself (personal) individual interpretation
4. dissent: teaching without a lisence; people get their voices and varying opinions heard

Simul Justus et Peccator

(simultaneously just and a sinner)

• faith is essential for salvation
• good work without faith is useless
• we are fully sinners and just (snow covering dung)
• imputed grace 

father of the Jesuits, founder of schools

creator of spiritual exercises: involved (opposite of asceticism) indifference (desire things for end)

four vows

• poverty
• chastity
• obedience to superiors

***allegiance to pope

missionary order -> go where pope tells them

Communion Model of the Church

(lumen gentium)

A) church building: body of christ

B) magesterium: teaches - encyclicals (birth control, eucharist)

C) elements in other denominations; fullness SUBSISTS in Roman Catholic church

C.S. Lewis: problem of pain

1. free will is necessary
2. neutral playing field
3. laws of Nature--> lead to suffering
4. human evil

1. lyrics
2. intention: evocative (mood attitude), notion/chords
3. instruments: bells; organs