Chalcedonian definition

-made in fourth ecumenical council

-God and Man
-perfect in deity and in humanness
-of same reality of God and of same reality of us

-Two Natures are:
   -not confused, divided, transmuted, separated or divided.

Hypostatic union

The Christian Christological belief in a perfect union of two distinct but never separate natures--one human and one divine--in one integral, eternal divine person.
(two whats, one who)

-View of the of Chalcedonian definition

docetism

-Gnostic heretic view of Chirstology
-matter is evil or corrupt. Thus, deny the full and true incarnation of the Son of God in humanity

-dualistic Christology: distingushes the "christ" as heavienly, spiritual redemer and teh "jesus", the human taken over by the Christ and used as his instruemtn for a time on earth

adoptionism

-Christological heresy romoted by Paul of Samosata
-Jesus Christ was only human but a very special human: thus adopted by God as his special prophet and "son"
-denies Jesus' ontological deity (equality with God's own eternal being)
-"human face of god" or "God's deputy and representative among men"

Arianism

-sophisticated form of adoptionism (christological heresy) 
-"God's first and greatest creature, but not God or eaqual with GOd"
-incarnation of archangel Michael

-making Jesus a created being, raises questions of his ability to save humanity and be worshiped

Apollinarianism

-Christological heresy by Apollinarius
-Christ did not have a human rational soul or spirit.
-human body and soul, without a human rational soul
-"God in a bod"

Nestorianism

-Heretic view of christology by Nestorius

-Divided the person of Christ into two persons working in harmony

-the "person" of Christ was actually a "moral union of two persons like a perfect marriage

-The human one was born, experienced limited knowledge, grew in wisdom, sufferend adn died.
-the Divine one, (Logos, Son of God), performed miracles, had no weaknesses, frailties, suffering or death

-heretic view of Christology By Eutyches
-Christ's humanity was "like a drop of wine in the ocean of his divinity"

-Jesus had a human nature in theory but was swallowed up by his divinity

Monophysitism

-Heretical view of christology: Belief in one nature

-Eutychianism is also called monophysitism beause they denied that Jesus could have two full and complete natures

-Diverse Christian view of Christiology

-Jesus Christ had two natures and was one person but was also limited in knowledge and power because of voluntary decision of self-restriction or self-limitation made by the Son of God who became Jesus Christ

-One person, two natures

“two minds” christology

-denies limitations of knowledge or power in JC and attaches 2 wills and 2 conciousness to his single personhood

atonement

refers to the work of Christ by which he brought humanity and God together in spite of our sin and God's holiness

Unificationism

-Heresy in salvation
-Belief that Christ died before he was able to finish his mission b/c he did not have children and establish a new humanity----thus, another savior will complete his work

ransom theory

-early model of atonement which says that since the fall, Satan held humanity in captivity an dJesus was paid as ransom

(view inside orthodoxy)

satisfaction theory

-atonement =transaction in which Jesus pays the debt of sin on our behalf (Anselm)

-Christ's main work on the cross was provision of a moral influence that changes the perspective of humanity and causes them to trust God and repent of their sins (Peter Abelard)

-Atonement as a spiritual battle in which Jesus defeats Satan and evil powers--and humaniti is freed (Luther)

penal substitution theory

-Burden of condemnation from which we were freed was laid upon Christ who took oru punishment (Calvin) 

Pelagianism

(heresy on salvation)

-Belief that denies original sin and teaches that humans have a natural ability to live sinless lives apart from divine grace

apokatastasis

-(heresy on salvation)

-All people are saved in Christ quite apart from the ir responses to him, ultimate reconciliation

universalism

-(heresy on salvation)

-same as apokatastasis--> unviersal salvation

-Order of salvation, human's role  and  God's role in salvation

monergism

-any belief that God is the sole sovereign agent in salvation

-any belief that salvation is a cooperative project and process beteween God (superior partner) and man (crucial partner)

unconditional election

-God sovereignty predestines some fallen people to be saved

limited atonement

-Christ's death only saved those he predestined

irresistible grace

foreknowledge

-God knew ahead of time who was going to be saved

-Divine grace which precedes human decision but enables personal acceptance of God's gift

faith alone vs. faith & works of love

-Protestant vs. Chatholic

(views on salvation)

-Declaration by God that a person is righteous with Christ's own righteousness even though that person is still a sinner in thought, word and deed (reconciliation and frogiveness)

sanctification

-process of growth in repentance and righteousness (inward, spiritual condition

one, holy, catholic, apostolic

sectarianism

-(heresy) Belief of attitude that the unity of the church is unimportant and that the essence of th echurch may exist without unity

invisible unity

episcopal

-its polity is centered aroudn the office of bishop, who are elected by clergy & lay representatives and confirmed by other bishops

-Ordained in apostolic succession

presbyterian

congregational

-Churches that are completely autonomous, with no bishops or authoritative representative bodies over them
-join with other churches in order to pull or contribute resources

baptismal regeneration

-being born again of God's spirit through baptism

Eucharist

transubstantiation

consubstantiation

real presence

communicatio idiomatum

spiritual presence

believer baptism

eschatology

resurrection

-

judgment, heaven, hell

immortality of souls

- comon heretic folk belief about Christianity that neglects or excludes bodily resurrection

reincarnation

objective immortality

intermediate state

purgatory

-Catholics: a place were souls of persons who died in a state of grace but with the stain of corruption of sin stay there until purified

soul sleep

-

-Protestant belief that the only intermediate state of souls is either nonexistence until bodily resurrection or else speep like waiting for when Christ comes

annihilationism

parousia

-The time when Jesus Christ will come back to earth

-means "appearing" or "comming"

consummation

new heaven, new earth

-the future kingdom of God and Christ's return

radically realized eschatology

-(heresy) Any view of universal eschatology that claims the parousia, the kingdom of God, and new heaven and new earth have laready been realized

-denies the future aspect of the Kingdom

-God is not Lord adn sovereign ruler now but only in the future

extreme adventism

-identifies the kingdom of God--God's rule and reign--as exclusively future and pits that future when Christ returns in catastrophic mode against the past and present which are viewed as devoid of God's kingdom

-God is not Lord adn sovereign ruler now but only in the future

futurism

-the mode of interpretation that assumes most or all of the symbols and images of biblical apocalyptic literature refer to realities still in the future

-antachrist is yet to appear

preterism

-retards all or most symbols or images of biblical apocalyptic literature as already fulfilled for us even if the fulfillment was future for the visionary and his first readers

-antichrist has already appeared and may be an office or a kind of person or political entity rather than a specific person

historicism

-sees symbols and images as codes for persons, entities and events contemporary with the acopalypticists

-antichrist was the Roman emperor or Rome itself

millennialism

-refers to any belief in an earthly, visibly rule and reign of Christ within world history

-Christ's invisible rule and reign through the church if or when it results in a true Christianization of all nations.

-A millenioum occurs if this Christianizatoin is followed by the immediate return of Christ 

-a specific earthly historical, and political order over which Christ rules

-some premillennialists believe in a two-stage parousia of Christ ("secret rapture" of true bleievers before Christ returns bodily to destroy the antichrsit adn usher in his earthly kingdom"

pre-amillennialism

-Pre: any belief that Christ will return visibly to earth at the end of this present age of world history and establish his kingdom--the kingdomof God in its fullness--over all the world

-Christ's return will be accompanied by the sounding of the "trupet of the Lord"

-History will continue--probably for a thousand years, AFTER the parousia
-durign this millenium, Christ will rule and reign as Messiah and Lord and enforce peace and justice--(of "new Jerusalem", the fulfillment and manifestation of the kingdom of God)

-the denial of any sociopolitical, historical kindom of God before or after Christ's return
-Kingdom of God is spirituallized (Augustine)
-After God's parusia, come sthe judgement and then the new heaven and new earth (the one thousand year period mentioned in revelation is between Christ's incarnation and his return--the age of the chruch)
-Kingdom of God within history: not a utopian social order, but as God's spiritual precence throuhg Christ and Holy Spirit in church and heaven.

-the belief in an actual kingdom of God on earth before Christ's second coming.

-In order to count as true postmillennialism the model of the kingdom of God must include a Christianization of the world order prior to the parousia

-World turns better over time until Christ comes

-postmillennialists use thsi model as a powerful motive for Christian involvement in social justice and evangelism

A defense of the hesychast tradition. 1) knowledge gained through the transcendental experience is superior to all human knowledge. 2)In the transcendental experience the flesh and the soul participate together in divine communion. 3) God’s essence transcends our participation in him.   
Main Point: God is fully immanent, accessible to humanity through spiritual experience, while remaining completely transce

 The book takes the form of a dialogue between Lady Philosophy and Boethius. Through prose and poetry, Boethius reconsiders the nature of happiness, and Philosophy comforts him with the reminder that good men cannot be harmed and ultimately are rewarded.

-Three main virtues of Christian Faith: faith, hope and love

•  

  -God’s immutability is justified by the fact that he is outside of time 
  -God created out of divine goodness, not out of necessity

•  

  -men (because women already have) can only be realized when he knows God and his essence (beatific vision

•  

  -When God ate of tree he removed his will from subjection to God

Why did God have to become human and die? 
“Man was created for a state of blessedness which cannot be had in this life, and that no one can arrive at that state if his sins have not been got rid of”

It is necessary that a “God-man” redeem humanity.  This God-man cannot have an interchangeable nature such that divine nature becomes human or human nature becomes divine.

1. Nestorius said that the Logos was conjoined to man and dwelled in Christ. Logically then, there are 2 sons, one is the Only Begotten Word of God and the other is Jesus, the human son whom Mary gave birth to.

Cyril refutes Nestorius’ argument by maintaining the unity of Christ—Christ is one person—that it was the Logos who assumed a human body.

Wesley’s purpose for writing this book is to give the original sources supporting his doctrine of Christian perfection.

In Wesley’s theology salvation is done through both justification and sanctification, which he calls God’s instantaneous as well as gradual work on his children.

 Erasmus believes that human beings do have free will, but it cannot “attain its end without grace” (80).  Luther, however, maintains that human beings do not have a free will because their will is either held in bondage by sin or enslaved by the grace of God. 

Symeon the New Theologian was the leader of a monastic community, and a staunch opponent of scholastic theology, instead favoring a more mystical approach. 

Throughout the book Symeon addresses the issues of: 1) what an ascetic lifestyle is, and 2) how one should go about pursuing this.