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Referred to in artistic culture as pushing accepted boundaries of normalcy and social acceptance.
Considered to be conceived from Modernism. |
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The application of mechanical principals to biological moving parts, such as joints and appendages.
Meyerhold created a theatrical application developed from comedia dell'arte and kabuki theatre where the actor's personality is eliminated and moves solely based on the director's whim.
Became an element of actor-training in the Soviet Union. |
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A Russian director, he was one an important theatre innovator.
After working as an actor for Meyerhold, he moved to Moscow, where he created the Chamber Theatre. The theatre was extremely experimental, and was a place where many aspiring actors and writers collaborated. |
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| A movement beginning in Germany, it focused on extreme distortion of art based on mood. It sought to evoke feeling from viewers rather than attempts at realism. |
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| A theatrical movement made famous by Bertolt Brecht. The audience is meant to be aware that they are watching a play. It treats each element of a play individually to create a cohesive finished element. |
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A German director and playwright, he is known for his development of Epic Theatre.
Married to Helene Weigel. |
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| A theatre located in Paris, it is also a term to define a type of theatrical genre. It emphasizes amoral horror and excessive on-stage gore. |
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| A school in Germany that taught design in fine art. It was the pinnacle of structural design in stagecraft, architecture, and interior design from 1919 to 1933, where it was closed by the Nazi government. |
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| Creator of the Bauhaus school, and one of the greatest architects of the time. He pioneered Modern Architecture. |
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| A cultural movement which purpose was to ridicule the meaninglessness of art during the era. It rejected what had become "standard in the art world." It also created the anti-art movement. |
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| A cultural movement in visual and written art where the focus of the piece is surprise, unexpected juxtaposition, and non sequitur. |
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A director from England, he spent much of his early career writing and directing radio plays.
He founded a theatre in Minneapolis that bears his name.
He was knighted in 1961 |
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| The most important English language poet of the 20th century. He wrote some of the world's best known poems, as well as several plays. |
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| A theatre collective in New York formed in 1931 by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford, and Lee Strasberg. The group expanded upon the methods of Stanislavski to form a rigorous process of disciplined acting. It included some of the biggest names of acting in American theatre. |
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| One of the many influential members of the Group Theatre, this Greek-American man was renowned director and actor. He co-founded that Actor's Studio in 1947 and introduced and utilized Method Acting to American actors. |
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| This American playwright was one of the first to incorporate realism into American plays. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. |
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| An American prodigy, he was a film and stage actor and director, as well as a screenwriter and producer. One of the most accomplished artist of the 20th century, he was also well known for his baritone voice. |
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| The most famous actor of the 20th century. He was a master of Shakespeare and was the first artistic director of the National Theatre of Great Britain. |
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| One of the most important Broadway Producers, he produced Show Boat. |
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| An american composer, he composed over 900 songs and 43 musicals. He is one of the first to receive an Emmy, an Oscar, a Grammy, a Tony, and a Pulitzer Prize. He is also one of only two people to receive all five awards. He worked extensively with Oscar Hammerstein II. |
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| An American writer, producer, and director of musicals. He was most remembered for his collaboration with Richard Rodgers as a lyricist and playwright. Most of his work was uncredited. |
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| A philosophical school of thought that states that humanities effort to find inherent meaning will fail. In theatre, it is often used for characters to explore a world without meaning. This philosophy spawned the Theatre of the Absurd. |
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| One of the key writers of the Theatre of the Absurd, this Irish writer, playwright, and theatre director wrote End Game and Waiting for Godot. |
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| A Romanian playwright of Absurdism, he often emphasized the insignificance of human existence. |
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| A French novelist and playwright. He spent much of his life as criminal, for which we recounts in his novels. He wrote such plays as The Balcony and The Blacks. He was dishonorably discharged from the Foreign Legion when he was 18 for homosexual acts. |
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| Beginning his career as an architect, this Czech scenic designer became the principal designer at the Czech National Theatre in 1948. He created more than 700 designs in his career. |
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| A German theatre company established by Bertolt Brecht and his wife Helene Weigel in East Berlin in 1949. |
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| One of the most prolific playwrights of the 20th century for the English Language. His plays continue to be the most produced plays in the world, and he has received two Pulitzer Prizes in drama and a Tony for best play. He wrote A Street Car Named Desire and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. |
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| A Cuban-American playwright. Many of her plays have been recognized for her unique, avant-garde writing. |
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| A playwright and screenwriter, he is known mostly for his comedies including The Odd Couple and The Star-Spangled Girl. |
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| A playwright who experimented with Absurdism in his early plays, he americanized it with mastery he still utilizes today. His works include Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Sandbox, and The Goat: or, Who is Sylvia? |
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| An American conductor, he was one of the first composers born and educated in America to gain worldwide review. He was the musical director and composer of West Side Story, Candide, Our Town, and Wonderful Town. |
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| An avant-garde theatre group in Paris. It was formed as a reaction to traditional theatre institutes in France at the time. It is based on physical theatre and improvisation. |
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| A prolific English playwright, he was the artistic director of Stephen Joseph Theatre, where all but four of his plays were first produced. |
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| An Irish playwright and director, he is best known for his plays Philadelphia, Here I Come, and Dancing at Lughnasa. |
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| A theatre company based in New York, it is the oldest experimental theatre group still existing in the U.S. It bases it's practice in Artaud's work. |
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| An American experimental theatre group from 1963 to 1973. It was formed by students of Nola Chiliton to continue work in avant-garde and post-absurdist works. |
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| A Jewish-American playwright, he has written several plays and films, including American Buffalo and Glengarry Glen Ross. He received a Pulitzer Prize in 1984. |
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| An American playwright, screenwriter, and actor, he received a Pulitzer Prize in 1979 for Buried Child and an Academy Award Nomination for Best Supporting Actor in 1983 |
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