Term
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Definition
Vintner's Quality Alliance
Ontario's appellation system |
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Term
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Definition
Vintner's Quality Alliance Ontario
independent regulatory authority that tests wines, inspects wineries, and enforced truth-in-labeling laws on behalf of the Gov't of ON |
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Term
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Definition
Wine Council of Ontario
non-profit association with a leadership role in marketing and establishing policy and future direction for the wine industry |
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Term
| primary Viticultural areas (appellations) of Ontario |
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Definition
Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Prince Edward County |
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Term
| provincial appellation label |
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Definition
100% ON grapes
approved Vitis vinifera and hybrid grapes
minimum Brix or sugar lvls
85% from stated vintage |
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Term
| viticultural area appellation label |
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Definition
85%+ grapes from appellation
100% ON grapes
increased Brix or sugar lvls
only from approved Vitis vinifera grape varieties (+Vidal for ice wine)
85%+ stated vintage
(optional for sparkling/fortified) |
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Term
| regional appellation label |
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Definition
85%+ grapes from regional appellation
& must meet appellation standards |
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Term
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Definition
100% grapes from sub-appellation
& must meet appellation standards |
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Term
| Estate bottled designation |
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Definition
| wine entirely grown, made and bottled on a single estate |
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Term
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Definition
| the cultivation of wine; also the science of grape production |
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Term
| The vintner's Quality Alliance Act was passed in... |
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Definition
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Term
| for a VQA wines that state a varietal name on the label the wine must contain at least... |
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Definition
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Term
| most important factor influencing the growth of grapes |
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Definition
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Term
| traditional winegrowing regions found: |
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Definition
between 40 and 50 degrees N of the equator
(avg T 10-20C, winter T does not drop below -25C) |
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Term
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Definition
| two latitudinal bands around the globe: roughly 30 to 50 degrees S and N of the equator |
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Term
| Ontario's appellations are located: |
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Definition
41-44 degree N of equator
parallel to Bordeaux |
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Term
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Definition
long summers with warm sunshine
dry, sunny autumn
winter T not below -20C to -25C
& specific needs of varietals |
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Term
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Definition
frost, hail, strong winds (most dangerous at flowering or ripening)
rain/cold during flowering
rain during harvest (rot)
excessive heat during harvest |
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Term
| Ontario's ideal conditions |
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Definition
moderate to long summer (few brief hot periods)
rains can be intermittent but generally suitable
moderate to low humidity during harvest season
average winter T 0 to -12C
hail damage minimal
frost damage is controlled through air movement (natural or wind machine) |
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Term
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Definition
general climatic pattern that typically covers 10s of kilometers
i.e. Niagara Peninsula |
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Term
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Definition
the conditions at a particular vineyard that are different from neighbouring vineyards because of differences in elevation, facing of the slope to the sun, and distance from moderating influences
i.e. Beamsville bench |
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Term
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Definition
| the climate within and immediately around a vine canopy |
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Term
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Definition
colder soils retard ripening
warmer soils advance it |
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Term
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Definition
| high pH (i.e. limestone) produce higher acid |
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Term
| Niagara escarpment regional appellation |
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Definition
inspiring elevation,s, classic minerality, refreshing wines
bench lands along Niagara escarpment
3 sub-appellations: short hills bench, twenty miles bench, beamsville bench
air circulation & frost protection |
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Term
| niagara-on-the-lake regional appellation |
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Definition
elegant vistas, spirited styles, inviting wines of origin
4 sub-appellations: niagara river, niagara lakeshore, four mile creek, st. david's bench
variety of soil, geology, elevation, climate
benefits of proximity to the lake, river, and escarpment |
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Term
Beamsville bench
sub-appellation |
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Definition
sloping bench lands, limestone enriched soil, fresh elegant minerality
most W of N. es. |
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Term
Short hills bench
sub-appellation |
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Definition
warm sunny days, cool nights, complex soils, intense grape flavours
most E of Niagara es.
gentle slopes with excellent drainage and sun exposure |
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Term
twenty mile bench
sub-appellation |
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Definition
complex topography, double benches, deep soils, reflective wines
middle N. es. |
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Term
creek shores
sub-appellation |
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Definition
criss-crossed with creeks and streams, glacial delta, rich fertile lands
gradual spring warming and bud break |
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Term
lincoln lakeshore
sub-appellation |
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Definition
dominant influence of L.O., long tempered growing season, seasonal streams
steady, even ripening |
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Term
winemont ridge
sub-appellation |
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Definition
| south- and east-facing slopes, early spring warming, hot summers |
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Term
four mile creek
sub-appellation |
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Definition
expansive vineyards, abundant full sunlight, warm intense growing conditions
central NOTL
soil: red shale with high silt and clay content, good water retention and good for vines
flat topography -> warm, full sunlight |
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Term
niagara lakeshore
sub-appellation |
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Definition
dominant influence of L.O., long and consistent growing season for flavour development
NOTL
sandy soil -> deep vines
later-ripening varieties |
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Term
niagara river
sub-appellation |
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Definition
easterly facing, gentle slopes, long growing season moderated by Niagara river
NOTL
fine sands -> strong drainage, deep roots
east slopes -> tender varieties that need sun exposure throughout the day |
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Term
St. David's bench
sub-appellation |
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Definition
early warming in spring, gently sloping bench, generous precipitation
NOTL |
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Term
| First commercial winery in ON... |
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Definition
| VinVilla (Pelee Island) 1866 |
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Term
| South Islands sub-appellation |
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Definition
Lake Erie North Shore
9 islands that the Town of Pelee Island
Pelee Island = most southernly point of latitude
longest growing season |
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Term
Lake Erie North Shore
appellation |
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Definition
soil sandy loam and gravel deposits, well drained
shale, limestone bedrock
long growing season, highest number of heat units |
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Term
Prince Edward County
appellation |
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Definition
soil: reddish-brown clay loam to sandy loam. Limestone bedrock with shale fragments; good drainage and heat retention
climate moderated by Bay of Quinte
full of mesoclimate and terroir |
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Term
| benefits of canopy management |
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Definition
improve grape quality
optimized grape yeild
reduced incidence of some disease
decreases production costs
improved wine quality |
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Term
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Definition
| colour change and sugar development in the grapes |
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Term
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Definition
| V. vinifera vines that are closely spaced |
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Term
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Definition
| V. vinifera vines that have sufficient spacing |
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Term
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Definition
(four or six arm)
often used for hybrid grape varieties which are more productive |
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Term
| White Vitis vinifera grape varieties of Ontario |
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Definition
Chardonnay
Riesling
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Gris
Gewurtztraminer
(in order of production) |
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Term
| White french hybrid grape varieties of ON |
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Definition
vidal blanc
seyval blanc
(in order of production) |
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Term
| Red Vitis vinifera grape varieties of ON |
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Definition
Cabernet franc
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Pinot noir
Gamay noir
Shiraz/Syrah
(in order of production) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| basic red wine production |
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Definition
1) de-stemming/crushing
2) primary alcoholic fermentation
3) pressing
4) malolactic fermentation
5) aging
6) bottling |
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Term
| vertical fermentation tank |
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Definition
| process of pumping juice over the cap, by pumping the juice from below the surface of the cap over the top of the cap, breaking the surface and mixing the juice and skins |
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Term
| open-topped wooden fermenter |
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Definition
| the floating cap is physically broken when the cellar-hand uses a paddle to literally break the surface of the cap. |
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Term
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Definition
| this horizontal tank has the ability to rotate during the fermentation process to break the surface cap |
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Term
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Definition
red
once the must is placed in the fermentation tank, a yeast culture is added to begin the warm fermentation (25 to 25C) |
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Term
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Definition
| soften the acidity and smooth out the mouth feel |
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Term
| basic white wine production |
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Definition
1) de-stemming/crushing
2) pressing
3) juice clarification
4) primary alcoholic fermentation
5) aging
6) fining/clarification
7) filtering
8) bottling |
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Term
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Definition
whites
juice rests in settling tanks for 48h - 3 weeks to allow the heaviest particles to settle at the bottom of the tank
juice is then racked off the sediment and pumped into fermentation tanks |
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Term
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Definition
whites
12-18C
fermentation process produced heat so cooling jackets or drip rails on stainless steel tanks are used.
air conditioners cellars for oak fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| The lees (spent yeast cells) are left in the tank and the wine is allowed to rest on top of them will it ages |
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Term
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Definition
slower growing tree with very small pores in the wood, providing delicate flavour to the finished wine
chardonnay, pinot noir, merlot
$1000-1200 CDN/barrel |
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Term
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Definition
faster growing tree with larger pores, providing more aromatic complexities and more powerful flavour.
Vanilla
Cab sauv, cab franc
$500-600 CDN/barrel |
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Term
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Definition
fine tight grain, very delicate extraction of flavour
$630 CDN/barrel |
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Term
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Definition
tighter grain than Am. oak -> develop flavours more similar to french oak but with different overtones
$850 CDN/barrel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
any barrel over 300L
(500L most common) |
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Term
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Definition
| any other barrel size. typically larger than 600L |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
medium, medium-light toasting
barrels |
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Definition
vanilla and spice
buffer btw alcohol and the wood tannins, wine receives less wood tannins |
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Term
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Definition
| aromas of roasted coffee beans, toasted bread, ginger, nutmeg, and smoke |
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Term
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Definition
clarification method
winemakers use a variety of organic products that are capable of gathering minute, suspended to themselves as they settle to the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
clarifying method
pass wine through filter bed |
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Term
| horizontal or wide-ranging tasting |
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Definition
| allows you to select a range of different wines with selected features in common that you wish to compare and contrast |
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Term
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Definition
| use several vintages of the same wine from the same vintner |
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