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| The intellectual and cultural movement spawned by progressive thinkers in the 1700s. |
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| The leaders of the enlightenment |
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| Worshipped a supreme being, a god who created the universe and set the laws of nature in motion but who never again interfered in natural or human affairs. |
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| Pietism and the First Great Awakening |
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| Both thought established churches had lost contact with their membership, by becoming too closely identified with the rich and powerful. Both also urged a personal living faith based on strict adherence to the scriptures. |
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| A group of french writers concerned with the economic system. They examined the general nature of the economy and the strengths and weaknesses of mercantilism, the prevailing economic system. |
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| Conceived on a more intimate scale than the baroque style and committed to frivolous subjects and themes- the dominant ideas of a work- |
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| Or, aristocratic entertainments. A specialization of Jean-Antoine Watteau. in these works, Watteau portrays the intimate world of the aristocracy, dressed in sumptuous clothing, grouped in parks and gardens, and often accompanied by costumed actors. |
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| A major rococo design element: fanciful stucco ornaments in the shape of ribbons, leaves, stems, flowers, interlaces, etc. Designed to make solid surfaces look like fleeting illusions. |
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| Restrained style of antiquity, rejection of rococo and a fascination with the new archaeological discoveries made at midcentury, buried roman cities pompeii and Herculaneum by Mount Vesuvius. |
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| Was not a pure style of chinese but a western fantasy of the east. an early version of what has come to be called Orientalism. |
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| Requires several stages of cutting and scraping the metal plate with special tools to make an images, allows for subtle gradation of shading along with precise lines to give greater definition. |
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| An attempt to create the affect of watercolor. Were labor intensive and time consuming to make. |
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| The belief that all that can be known is one's own mental world. Developed by Hume |
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| Hume's empirical skeptical method- the idea that one event in the world causes another. |
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| A new movement starting about 1770. Glorified unruly nature, uncontrolled feeling, and the mysteries of the human soul. |
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| Storm and Stress. Flourished briefly in the 1770s and early 1780s, arising as a revolt against classical restraint and drawing inspiration from Rousseau's emotionalism. |
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| Originating from Goethe's influential part I play, is used to characterize one who is willing to sacrifice spiritual values for knowledge, experience, or mastery. |
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| Term coined to convey the awesome and majestic power of the sea, earthquakes, floods, and storms. |
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| Jeremy Bentham developed a variant of liberalism. It made utility his supreme moral principle, meaning that what gave pleasure to both the individual and society was right and what gave pain was wrong. |
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| Began as a reaction to industrialism and came to be its most sever critic, holding out a vision of what society might become if only certain fundamental reforms were made. Two main groups, Utopian socialists and Marxists. |
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| Protestant. Grew out of the Methodist tradition, with its focus on personal salvation (born again) and sanctification (ability of the Holy Spirit to redeem sinners and create new lives). |
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| German Protestant scholars began to study the Bible not as a divinely inspired book incapable of error but simply as a set of human writings susceptible to varied interpretations. |
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| Stressed sanctification after being born again. |
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| In 1859, Englishman Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Modern plants and animals had developed from more simpler species through natural selection. |
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| A new art style in the 1840s. In reaction to the empty, overblown qualities of official art, a new style began to appear. Focused on the everyday lives of the middle and lower classes. |
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| Flourishing in New England in the early and middle part of the 1800s, this movement was critical of formal religions and drew inspiration from the belief that divinity is accessible without the necessity of mediation. The great spirit manifests itself in many forms. |
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| Narratives either wrote or told by slave that were filled with gritty, harsh details of the unjust slave system. Fueled the fires of antislavery. |
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| an art movement that emphasized nature rather than the individual, whom they often depicted in small sale of omitted entirely from their paintings. |
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