Term
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Definition
| Photoreceptive layer, Bipolar cell layer, Ganglion cell layer |
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Term
| Photoreceptive layer of retina |
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Definition
| most posterior layer. Light hits this layer FIRST then travels forward through the other layers |
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Term
| Bipolar cell layer of retina |
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Definition
| middle layer. Don't fire action potentials. Receive info from photoreceptors and horizontal cells. Synapse onto ganglion cells and amacrine cells |
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Term
| Ganglion cell layer of retina |
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Definition
| most anterior. Receive information from bipolar and amacrine cells. different types of ganglion cells handle the transport of different types of information. DO FIRE ACTION POTENTIALS. Ganglion cell axons bind together and form the optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of changing an environmental stimulus into a sensory event |
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Term
| 2 types of photoreceptive cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| color vision. less active in dim light and more active in bright light. most abundant in fovea(center of vision) |
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Term
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Definition
| Black and white vision. respond to faint light, bleached by bright light. most abundant in periphery. Outnumber cones 20 to 1 |
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Term
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Definition
A theory of color perception that proposes that there are 3 types of cones: each tuned to a particular wavelength.
short-blue
medium-green
long-red |
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Term
| Opponent Processing Theory |
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Definition
A theory of perception that assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colors as opposing or antagonistic(3 types of ganglion cells:red/green, yellow/blue, white/black).
Color is encoded as contrast between the ganglion cells |
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Term
| 3 types of ganglion cells |
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Definition
red/green
yellow/blue
white/black |
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Term
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Definition
| obtain information from bipolar cells and send it to other amacrine or ganglion cells. Don't fire action potentials |
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Term
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Definition
interconnect adjacent photoreceptors. do not fire action potentials
-graded potentials: message transmitted to bipolar and horizontal cells, energy comes from photopigments |
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Term
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Definition
| axon bundle that exits through the back of the eye and travels to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| point at which the ganglion cell axons leave the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| fine details and color. mainly used to determine small details of stationary objects. small cell bodies and receptive fields. mainly located in or around the fovea |
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Term
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Definition
| movement and broad outlines. larger cell bodies and receptive fields. located more in periphery. not color sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
| function not clear; some of them connect to the superior colliculus instead of the thalamus. small cell bodies and receptor fields of variable size. scattered evenly around the reina. color sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
| site of fine detail and color vision. High concentration of cones (color). Vision greater here because each cone in effect has a direct line to the brain. Blood vessels and ganglion cells almost absent here (least impeded vision) |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the retina with the highest ability to resolve visual detail (fovea is the small pit in the center of this) |
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Term
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Definition
| (humans)half of the axons cross (100% in some animals). |
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Term
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Definition
| projects primarily to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) |
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Term
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Definition
| projects primarily to the Primary Visual Cortex (V1)-responsible for 1st stage of visual processing |
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Term
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Definition
| "What" pathway. inferior temporal cortex. identifying and recognizing shapes and objects |
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Term
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Definition
| "Where" pathway. posterior parietal cortex. processing movement and spatial location |
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Term
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Definition
patient is no longer aware of the sight of an object, but they can still grab an object.
Damage to the occipital lobe |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to identify objects that are perceived visually even though the object can be drawn or matched with similar objects-Can't tell you what it is verbally unless he or she has at least one other sensory input.
Caused by damage to temporal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
inability to recognize particular people by the sight of their face.
Occurs due to damage to the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe. |
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Term
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Definition
the patient can still see, but they are unable to detect motion (appears like a slide show or strobe light).
Comes from damage to the middle-temporal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| "Third eyelid". Not found in any functional form in humans. Found in sheep, dogs, and other animals, controlled by abducens |
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Term
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Definition
| White protective covering of the eyeball. Not found in cornea. An extension of the dura matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of the anterior to the iris. Transparent protective covering. Focuses some light |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines inside of eyelid and provides lubrication. Located at the junction of the sclera and the cornea |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid found in the anterior chamber of the eye. Secreted and removed as waste. May have black specks in it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Colored part of the eye. Surrounds the pupil. Helps in pupil constriction. Orange on sheep |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening in the iris controlled by muscles. Dilates and constricts to allow the needed amount of light into the eye. Controlled by the oculomotor nerve. Failure to constrict light indicates a concussion |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls the suspensory ligaments which adjust the shape of the lens. Epithelium cells located here that secrete the aqueous humor |
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Term
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Definition
| gel-like substance on the inside of the eyeball. Provides shape and support |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually transparent. Refracts light to focus images near or far. Stretched to see objects far away |
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Term
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Definition
| Myopia-the eyeball is too long, or the cornea is too steep; so images are focused in the vitreous inside the eye rather than on the retina at the back of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperopia-the cornea is too flat or the eye is too short |
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Term
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Definition
| neural tissue containing photoreceptive cells. Located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye. Only connected to the eye by the optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Black substance on the back of the eyeball. Located behind the retina. Absorbs any stray light. Vascular layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Blue-green iridescent membrane on back of eye. Reflective structure allows for better night-vision; reflecting light back through the retina. Found in sheep, alligators, cats and some other animals. Not found in the human eye. |
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