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| a shot that fills the screen with the subject or with only a portion of the subject, as for example the face of a person or the full screen shot of a wrist watch |
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| brings subject matter closer to the viewer than a long shot and begins to isolate it from the overall environment |
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| a series of related shots of an activity in which continuing action flows smoothly from one shot to the next to create the illusion of an uninterrupted event |
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| the single, continuous take of material that is recorded each time the camera is turned on until it is turned off |
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| the rules that govern the visual reconstruction of events, including the raw material shot and recorded in the field and the process of editing the material for broadcast |
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| shot taken from a camera mounted in an airplane, helicopter, or similar conveyance |
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| camera follows action until a new moving subject enters frame, then picks up the new subject and follows it |
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| a shot such as a close-up or insert that emphasizes particular elements of the action in a master shot |
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| a shot made from a camera mounted on a wheeled conveyance that is moved either toward the subject or away from it |
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| used to introduce viewers to the story's locale or to the story itself |
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| a technique used in zooming and panning shots, in which the artificial camera movement begins almost imperceptibly and builds to the intended speed, then slows and again ends almost imperceptibly. |
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| a lens that electronically compensates for unintentional camera motion and vibration to produce a smoother, steadier shot. Then lens is especially useful to smooth out aerial shots and handheld shots made on long-focal-length settings |
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| close-up, essential detail about some part of the main action |
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| a single camera is used to record a continuous take of the entire event from one location and generally at one focal-length lens setting |
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| the action of a subject in an edited sequence appears to flow smoothly and without interruption from one shot to the next |
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| the camera swivels on a tripod or other fixed base to follow action. Different from a pan because the photographer's motivation is to follow action, rather than to show a static object in pannorama |
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| action is portrayed as an observer on the sidelines would see it |
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| action that is contained in one shot to be edited also is present in the shot to which it will be joined |
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| the camera swivels on a tripod to show an overall scene in a single shot, or the handheld camera is moved in a similar fashion |
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| the apparent sizes of photographed objects in relationship to one another as they appear at certain distances, in comparison with how the human eye would view the same scene from the same distance |
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| any shot--such as a close-up or insert shot, reaction shot, point of view, or even a new camera angle--that emphasizes particular elements of action in the master shot |
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| the view as seen through the subject's eyes |
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| a shot that shows a subject's reaction to an action in the previous shot |
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| a shot similar to the original establishing shot of an overall scene. Used to reintroduce locale or to allow the introduction of new action |
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| a shot made by moving the camera so that it shoots back along the axis line as originally established in the first shot |
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| action is portrayed as the subject would see it |
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| the vertical equivalent of a pan shot in which the camera tilts up or down to reveal new action or subject matter |
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| camera is moved physically through space to keep moving subjects in frame. Sometimes referred to as a "dolly shot" |
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| camera moves through space past fixed objects |
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| a shot produced from a fixed location with a continuously variably focal-length lens. When the lens is said to "zoom in," the subject appears to grow larger and move closer to the screen. |
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| an imaginary straight line projected from the tip of the camera lens through the center of the subject and beyond. If the photographer shoots on both sides of the axis line, false reverses in the action may result |
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| the placement and emphasis of visual elements on the screen |
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| a shot of some part of the peripheral action, such as a clock on the wall or football fans in a stadium, that can be used to divert the viewer's eye momentarily from the main action. |
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| a scene optically fades from black on top of another scene, which optically fades from black to full exposure. The effect is a melting of one scene into the next. |
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| a subject moving in one screen direction is seen in the next shot to be moving in the opposite direction |
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| action in the shot moves directly toward camera |
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| a shot taken with the camera high and looking down at the subject. High angles tend to diminish the subject and give viewers a sense of superiority. |
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| high-definition television (HDTV) |
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| a digital transmission system that allows up to 1,080 horizontal lines of video information on the screen and 1,920 on the vertical, with roughly three times more resolution than standard U.S. televisions can provide. |
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| an action that is seen to jump unnaturally into a new position on the screen |
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| a shot taken with the camera low and looking up at the subject. This shot tends to make the subject more dominant and to reduce the viewer's sense of control or superiority |
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| a cutaway that contributes desirable or essential new information to the story |
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| action in the shot moves away from camera |
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| an approach to photographic composition in which the viewfinder is mentally divided into thirds both horizontally and vertically. Subjects are placed at points within the viewfinder where the lines can be imagined to intersect |
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| the space that surrounds subjects in the frame, including headroom, gaps between people, and the space into which subjects more. Improper use of screen space results in visual imbalance |
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| a shot in which the photographer snaps the zoom lever, instantly zooming in or out to a different composition of an action. When the few frames of the snap zoom are eliminated during editing, two separate shots result |
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| a shot that transfers the viewer's attention from the end of one sequence to the start of another. Also called a "reveal shot" |
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| the phenomenon by which home television receivers, whether because of their design or faulty adjustment, clip off the edges of the transmitted video image |
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| the video output of nondigital cameras and tape decks that convert or store light rays to electrical signals rather than 1's and 0's. A quality loss occurs with every generation |
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| the ratio of which to height in a television image |
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