Term
| Ablative of Accompaniment |
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Definition
- cum
- involves people
- the woman walked with a poet, fēmina cum poētā ambulāvit
- with a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
- ā/ab
- verbs and participles in passive voice
- agent or person by whom the action of the verb is done
- the girl was summoned by her mother, puella ā matre vocāta est
- with a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
- location where someone or something is
- translated "at, in"
- in, sub
- we were in the town, in oppidō erāmus
- remember to distinguish between the locative case, which expresses the same idea.
- with a preposition |
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Term
| Ablative of Means/Instrument |
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Definition
- the instrument by means of which someone does something, ie., the object used to do something.
- the farmer is fighting with a sword, agricola ferrō pugnat
- without a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
- limits or further specifies an adjective or verb
- translated "in respect to..."
- In my opinion (in respect to my opinion), you ought to work, meā sententiā, laborāre dēbēs
- Gaius was good in judgment (in respect to judgment), bonus cōnsiliō erat Gaius
- without a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
- the cause or reason for a quality or verbal action
- translated "because of ___________."
- I fought because of anger, īrā pugnāvī.
- without a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
- sometimes cum
-when noun not modified by adjective, cum must be used
-when an adjective does modify noun, cum is optional
- the way or manner in which an action is performed
- the former worked with enthusiasm, agricola cum studiō labōrāvit
- the farmer worked with great enthusiasm, agricola magnō (cum) studiō labōrāvit
- with or without a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
- someone is apart from someone or something
- sometimes ā/ab, ē/ex, dē
- more frequently used with no preposition
- frequently with verbs of being free from, lacking, prohibiting, liberāre, carēre, prohibēre
- translated "from __________."
- we are free from cares, cūrīs carēmus
- we will be free from danger, perīculō liberābimus
- with or without a preposition |
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Term
| Ablative of Place from Which |
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Definition
- motion from a place
- ā/ab, ē/ex, dē common
- prepositions NOT used with names of cities, towns, small islands, and the nouns domus and rūs.
- We sailed from Italy, ab Italiā vēla dedimus
- We are driven out of the country, ex patriā agimur
- I shall depart from Rome, Rōmā discēdam
- with or without a preposition |
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Term
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Definition
| When a noun in the genitive case represents the whole of which another noun is part. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a noun in the genitive case expresses the person or thing performing a verbal action implied in another noun. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a noun in the genitive case expresses the person or thing recieving a verbal action implied in another noun. |
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Term
| Accusative of Place to Which |
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Definition
- ad, in, sub
- prepositions NOT used with names of cities, towns, small islands, and the nouns domus and rūs.
- The woman is being sent to the province. Femina ad provinciam mittitur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intransitive verbs whose fourth principle part ends in -um sometimes appear in third person singular passive forms with no expressed subjects. There was wandering (done) through the streets. Per via erratum est. |
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Term
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Definition
| The dative case may be used to indicate someone who possesses something. To the master there is a book. Domino est liber. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to be a case. Used for place names that don't accept a preposition. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an infinitive is used as the subject of another verb. To work is good. Bonum est laborare. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the infinitive is used to complete the meaning of another verb. I am able to see the island. Insulam videre possum. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the infinitive is used as the direct object of another verb. The farmer desires to work. Agricola laborare optat. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an adjective stands alone. Often translated with the addition of English words "man," "woman," or "thing." |
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Term
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Definition
| When a noun recieves further definition or limitation from another noun next to it, often set off by commas. The second noun in place. Must be in the same case as the word that it defines or limits. |
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Term
| Perfect Passive Participle |
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Definition
| The fourth principle part used in the formation of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect passive indicative. May also be used as any other first/second declension adjective. Translated as "(having been)_ed. The slaves (having been)captured (d.o.) we saw. Servos captos vidimus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bends back or refers to the subject of the clause or sentence in which it appears. |
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Term
| Reflexive-Possessive Adjectives |
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Definition
| Used to express possession rather than the genitive forms of the reflexive pronouns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ipse, ipsa, ipsum. Emphasizes or intensifies the noun it modifies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex sentence that includes a conditional (subordinate)clause and a main clause. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| simple conditional sentence |
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Definition
| make statements of fact about present or past time |
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Term
| future conditional sentences |
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Definition
| make statements about the future |
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Term
| present simple conditional sentence |
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Definition
| both verbs are in present indicative |
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Term
| past simple conditional sentence |
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Definition
| both verbs in any past tense |
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Term
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Definition
| vividly imagines future events in the indicative mood; both verbs are in the future inicative |
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Term
| Future More Vivid with Emphatic Protasis |
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Definition
| future conditional sentence in combonation with with future indicative in the apodosis |
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