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| issued in the year 1215, and reissued in smaller versions later in the 13th century. The later versions omit certain temporary provisions, including the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority, and passed into law in 1225. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| the first constitution of the United States of America and legally established the union of the states. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. |
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| an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts. Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes. Failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in debtor's prisons or the claiming of property by the government. |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. |
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| an agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. |
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| 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven of the essays were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October 1787 and August 1788. |
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| Antifederalists vs. Federalists |
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Definition
A: states' rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, & paper-money advocates.
In general, the poorer classes of society.
F: Well educated and propertied class. Most lived in settled areas along the seaboard. |
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Term
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| a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head. |
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| state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. The normal division of branches is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. |
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| To prevent one branch from becoming supreme, protect the "opulent minority" from the majority, and to induce the branches to cooperate, governance systems that employ a separation of powers need a way to balance each of the branches. |
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Term
| Amendment Process for the Constitution |
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Definition
| must be passed by both houses of the legislature by a two thirds majority. Then it goes on to be passed by the legislatures or conventions of the states where it must have a 3/4 majority. This is the first method. The second method is to get 2/3 of the legislatures of the states to call for a constitutional convention at which one or more amendments are proposed. If passed any and all amendments from this convention would then have to be passed by 3/4 of the state legislatures or conventions again. This method has only been used to repeal the 18th amendment (prohibition). |
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Term
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| clause in the United States Constitution, Article VI, Clause 2. This clause asserts and establishes the Constitution, the federal laws made in pursuance of the Constitution, and treaties made by the United States with foreign nations as "the Supreme Law of the Land" |
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| list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government. |
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Term
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| compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. |
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Definition
| allows voters to remove and elected official before the end of their official term in office. |
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| Explain the problems with the Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
| Did not have the power to tax of to regulate commerce and was unable to address the economic problems of the nation |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans, and show how they led to the “Great Compromise.” |
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Definition
| Virginia plan called for a bicameral the New Jersey plan called for a unicameral system. The Connecticut compromise called for a bicameral legislature in which the # of reps in the lower house would be determine by population |
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| Explain why separation of powers and federalism became key parts of the Constitution |
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Definition
| The delegates wanted to crreate a central gov with adequate powers, they also wanted to restain those powers. |
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| Understand the Connecticut Compromise and the Three-fifths Compromise and their significance |
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Definition
| Connecticut Compromise --> a compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans; it was agreed that the national legislature would be bicameral and represenations in the ouse of reps would be based on population. By having the tree-fifths comrpmise states on the South had more population to be count for representatives |
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Term
| Explain why a bill of rights was not initially included in the Constitution and why it was added |
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Definition
| It wasnt added at the begining because ; it was added to respect the rights of citizens |
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Term
| differences between the Federalists and the Antifederalists |
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Definition
| Federalists were supporters of the constitution the antifederalists opposed it. They also differ in age and residence. |
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Term
| How the U.S. Constitution differs from the Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
| The differences between the two is that the Constitution and the articles were |
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Term
| how the U.S. Constitution differs from the California Constitution |
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Definition
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| how the Constitution can be amended and why it has been amended so few times |
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| Article V establishes a trwo-step amendment procedure: proposal and ratification. The constitution has been amendment only 27 times in all and only 17 times since 1791. |
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