Term
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Definition
| a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. |
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Definition
| the smallest branch of an artery |
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Term
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Definition
| any health care procedure in which precautions are taken to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms. |
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Definition
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Definition
| the presence of excessive amounts of waste products of metabolism in the blood caused by failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the blood. characteristic of urema. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a golmerulus; also called a glomerular capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal stone formed in the body tissues by an accumulation of mineral salts; usually formed in the gallbladder and kidney. renal calculus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis throught which urine passes from the renal tubules. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a body cavity or vessel for the purppose of instilling or withdrawing fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of a body organ or structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| an instrument that measures bladder capacity in relation to changing pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| an instrument used to view the interior of the bladder. it consists of an outer sheath with a lighting system, a scope for viewing, and a passage for catheters and devices used in surgical procedures; may also be referred to as a cysto. |
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Term
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Definition
| solution that contains water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood; also called bath. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of removing wast products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney for filtering out impurities. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves introducing fluid into the abdomen through a catheter. through the process of osmosis, this fluid draws waste products out of the capillaries into the abdominal cavities. then removed from the abdomen through a catheter. |
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Term
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Definition
| length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone. in kidney transplantation, the doner kidney is surgicall placed in the iliac fossa of the recipient. |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that filter out of the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli. water, sugar, salts, and nitrogenous waste products such as urea, creatinine and uric acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| a ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries located in the cortex of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| the depression or pit of an organ where the vessels and nerves enters. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted by a liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| the distension of the ureter with urine due to blockage from an obstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| an opening or tunnel through any part of the body, as in the urinary meatus, which is the external opening of the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| the most internal part of a structure or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of eliminating urine from the bladder. also called voiding or urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| a kidney stone; also called a renal calculus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition of kidney stones; also known as renal calculi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera; the inner lining of the abdominal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| not permitting the passage of x-rays or other radiant energy. these areas appear white on an exposed x-ray film. |
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Term
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Definition
| one pair of large arteries, branching from the abdominal aorta, that supplies blood to the kidneys, adrenal glands and urters |
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Term
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Definition
| a stone formation in the kidney (plural calculi) also called a nephrolith |
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Term
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Definition
| the central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large and upper end of the ureter. receives urine through the calyces and drains it into the ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
| a long, twisted tube that leads away fron the glomerulus of the kidney to the collecting tubules. as the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubules, the water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that surround them. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two vessels that carries blood away from the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| urine that remains in the bladder after urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance dissolved in a solution, as in the waste products filtered out of the kidney into the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| the weight of a substance compared with an equal volume of water, which is considered to be the standard. water is considered to have a specific gravity of 1.000. therefore a substance with a specific gravity of 2.000 is twice as dense as water. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood. also called azotemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of a pair of tubes that carrries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the urethra. characterized by dysuria, is usually the result of an infection of the bladder or kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to control urination; the inability to retain urine in the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal involuntary accumulation or urine in the bladderl the inability to empty the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of eliminating urine from the bodyl also called micturition or voiding |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid release by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, retained in the bladder, and eliminated throught the urethra. normal urine is clear, straw colored, and slightly acid |
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Term
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Definition
| herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina; also called a cystocele |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of eliminating urine from the body; also called micturition or urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| one pair of large arteries, branching from the abdominal aorta, that supplies blood to the kidneys, adrenal glands and urters |
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Term
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Definition
| a stone formation in the kidney (plural calculi) also called a nephrolith |
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Term
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Definition
| the central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large and upper end of the ureter. receives urine through the calyces and drains it into the ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
| a long, twisted tube that leads away fron the glomerulus of the kidney to the collecting tubules. as the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubules, the water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that surround them. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two vessels that carries blood away from the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| urine that remains in the bladder after urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance dissolved in a solution, as in the waste products filtered out of the kidney into the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| the weight of a substance compared with an equal volume of water, which is considered to be the standard. water is considered to have a specific gravity of 1.000. therefore a substance with a specific gravity of 2.000 is twice as dense as water. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood. also called azotemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of a pair of tubes that carrries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the urethra. characterized by dysuria, is usually the result of an infection of the bladder or kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to control urination; the inability to retain urine in the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal involuntary accumulation or urine in the bladderl the inability to empty the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of eliminating urine from the bodyl also called micturition or voiding |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid release by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, retained in the bladder, and eliminated throught the urethra. normal urine is clear, straw colored, and slightly acid |
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Term
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Definition
| herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina; also called a cystocele |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of eliminating urine from the body; also called micturition or urination. |
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Term
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Definition
| eliminate waste from the body, regulate volume and chemical composition of blood by selectively adjusting the amounts of water and electrolytes in the body. some substances are eliminated in the urine and the needed substances are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| stable internal body environment |
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Term
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Definition
| substances excreted can't be eliminated and then they become toxic upsetting the internal environment of the body to the point that the cells can no longer function. death will follow.. |
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Term
| what are options for failed kidney |
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Definition
| kidney transplant or artificial kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| known as kidney dialysis. where the impurities are filtered out of the blood with this machine. |
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Term
| the urinary system consists of |
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Definition
| two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder and one urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| reddish brown bean shaped. located on either side of the vertebral column at the back of the upper abdominal cavity. lie retroperitoneal resting between the muscles of the back and the peritoneal cavity. |
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Term
| Kidneys are surrounded by |
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Definition
| adipose tissue - thick cushion of fatty tissue covered with a fibrous connective tissue layer. they protect and support the kidneys and ancher them to the body wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| varies little with differences in the body build, wieght. 4 inches long 2.2 inches wide. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of the kidney |
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Term
| what is the functional unit of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic units in the cortex of the kidney. the functional unit of the kidney. they form urine by process of filtration, reabsoprtion, and secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
glomerulus
Bowman's capsule (renal capsule)
renal tubule
peritubular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| or renal capsule. a double walled cup surround the glomerulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a convoluted tubule, has three sections and leads into collecting tubule which carries into the renal pyramid of the medulla. |
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Term
| three parts of the renal tubule are |
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Definition
proximal convoluted tubule
henle's loop
distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| empties into the collecting tubule and leads to the inner portion of the kidney. |
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Term
| medulla of the kidney consists of |
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Definition
renal pyramids
collecting tubules of the nephrons
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular tissues in the medulla of the kidney. contains the loops and collecting tubules of the nephron. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tip of each renal pyramid extends into a cup like urine collection cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| minor calyces merging together form this. |
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Term
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Definition
| central collecting area of the kidney. urine collects in this basin like structure before entering the ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular tubes line with mucous membranes one from each kidney to the urinary bladder. 12 inches long. urine propelled through by peristalsis. |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow muscular sac in the pelvic cavity. temporary reservoir for urine. full bladder can hold a litter and egg shaped. empty bladder is shaped like an inverted pyramid |
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Term
| bladder in men is located |
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Definition
| between the pubis symphysis and rectum |
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Term
| bladder in women is located |
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Definition
| between the pubic symphysis and the uterus and vagina. |
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Term
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Definition
| starts at the bladder and leads to the exterior of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| external opening of the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| located below the neck of the bladder. controls the release of urine from the bladder. |
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Term
| when the sphincter contracts |
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Definition
| closes the urethra and tells bladder to relax |
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Term
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Definition
| to void or urinate the sphincter relaxes and tells the bladder to contract opening the bladder neck and releasing urine |
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Term
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Definition
| carries only urine 1 to 2 inches long |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 to 8 inches long carries both urine and semen. |
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Term
| the formation of urine consists of three processes |
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Definition
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion |
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Term
| blood enters the kidneys by |
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Definition
| by left and right renal arteries. abdominal aorta to renal arteries into hilum, arteries branch into smaller arterioles to the cortex. |
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Term
| blood leaves the kidneys by |
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Definition
| left and right renal veins |
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Term
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Definition
| depression or pit wher vessels and nerves enter |
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Term
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Definition
| a glomerulus of a nephron on the cortex |
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Term
| where does the formation of urine begin |
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Definition
| in the glomerulus of the nephron. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood slowly but constantly passes through the glomeruli, the blood pressure forces materials through the glomerrular walls into the boman's capsule or renal capsule. the filtrate passes onto the renal tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood slowly but constantly passes through the glomeruli, the blood pressure forces materials through the glomerrular walls into the boman's capsule or renal capsule. the filtrate passes onto the renal tubule. |
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Term
| what are the filtered products |
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Definition
| water, sugar, salts and nitrogenous wastes (urea, creatinine, and uric acid). called glomerular filtrate. |
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Term
| what are the filtered products |
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Definition
| water, sugar, salts and nitrogenous wastes (urea, creatinine, and uric acid). called glomerular filtrate. |
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Term
| In the renal tubule two processes occur |
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Definition
| the tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion |
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Term
| In the renal tubule two processes occur |
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Definition
| the tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of returning water, sugar and salts to the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that are surrounding the tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of returning water, sugar and salts to the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that are surrounding the tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of materials selectively being transferred from the blood into the filtrate to be excreted into the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of materials selectively being transferred from the blood into the filtrate to be excreted into the urine. |
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Term
| what materials would be secreted into the filtrate of the tubule and why? |
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Definition
| substances that were unable to pass through the filtering tissues of the glomerulus and substances that are present in the blood in excessive amounts. potassium, hydrogen and certain drugs. |
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Term
| what materials would be secreted into the filtrate of the tubule and why? |
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Definition
| substances that were unable to pass through the filtering tissues of the glomerulus and substances that are present in the blood in excessive amounts. potassium, hydrogen and certain drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| water and other materials that were filtered and secreted into tubules that were not reabsorbed. |
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Term
| healthy kidneys pass how much urine daily |
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Definition
| 2 qts. 95% water, 5% urea, creatinine, acids, and salts. |
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Term
| where does the urine go to from the renal tubules |
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Definition
| urine empties into the renal pelvis |
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Term
| where does the renal pelvis go |
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Definition
| each renal pelvis empties urine into the large upper end of the ureter. |
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Term
| where does the urine go once in the ureter |
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Definition
| passes down the ureter into the urinary bladder. |
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Term
| what happens in the urinary bladder |
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Definition
| urine stays in the bladder until fullness stimulates a reflex contraction of the bladder muscle and then urine is expelled through the urethra. |
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Term
| the release of urine is called |
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Definition
| urination, micturation or voiding. regulated by spincters around the urethra. |
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