Term
| Functions of the Urinary System - name three things that the kidney does that leads to homeostasis? |
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Definition
| 1. maintains proper balance of water, salts and acids in the body fluids, 2. constantly filters the blood to remove urea and other wastes, 3. converts these waste products to excess fluids into urine in the kidney and excretes them through the urinary bladder |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - what does it consist of? (6) |
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Definition
| two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder and a urethra |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - kidneys - what do they do? |
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Definition
| constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water and salts |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - kidneys - what do they excrete? |
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Definition
| urine which is 95% water and 5% other wastes |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - kidneys - where are they located? |
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Definition
| retroperitoneally with one on each side of the vertebral column below the diaphragm |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - kidneys - what is the renal cortex? |
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Definition
| the outer rim of the kidney, it contains over one million microscopic nephrons |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - kidneys - what is the medulla? |
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Definition
| the inner region of the kidney, it contains most of the urine collecting tubules |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - kidneys - what is the renal pelvis? |
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Definition
| the funnel shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and the medulla |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what are they? |
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Definition
| the functional units of the kidney that form urine |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - how do they make urine? |
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Definition
| filtration, reabsorption and secretion |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what does each nephron contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what is a glomerulus? |
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Definition
| a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what is the blood travel path? |
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Definition
-blood enters the kidney through the renal artery -flows into the nephrons -filtered by the capillaries of the glomerulus -leaves the kidney through the renal vein |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what happens to filtered out wastes? |
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Definition
| they remain behind, pass through a series of urine collecting tubules, then off to the renal pelvis and the ureters |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what gives urine its color? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Nephrons - what are urine color factors? |
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Definition
| amount of liquid consumed, diseases and medications |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Ureters, what are they? |
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Definition
| narrow tubes 10-12 inches long that carries urine from each kidney to the bladder |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder, what is it? |
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Definition
| a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder, where is it located? |
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Definition
| in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity behind the pubic symphysis |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder, how much can it hold |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder, lined with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urethra, what is it? |
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Definition
| the tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urethra - urinary sphincters, where are they located and what do they do? |
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Definition
| one on either end of the urethra, they control the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urethra - urethral meatus, also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urethra - urethral meatus |
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Definition
| the external opening of the urethra |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urethra - female urethra, how long and where is the meatus located, and what does it pass? |
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Definition
| 1.5 inches, between the vagina and the clitoris, passes only urine |
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Term
| Structures of the Urinary System - Urethra - male urethra, how long, where is the meatus located, and what does it pass? |
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Definition
| Approximately 8 inches, tip of the penis, semen and urine |
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Term
| The Excretion of Urine - what happens as the bladder fills? |
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Definition
| pressure is placed on the base of the urethra resulting in the urge to urinate or micturate |
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Term
| The Excretion of Urine - urination, also known as? what is it? |
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Definition
| micturation or voiding, the normal process of excreting urine |
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Term
| The Excretion of Urine - what must take place to urinate? |
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Definition
| coordinated contraction of the bladder muscles and relaxation of the sphincters |
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Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System - Nephrologist |
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the kidneys |
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Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System - Urologist |
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure, also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - what is it? |
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Definition
| the inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions. |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - can the body replace damaged nephrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - Anuria |
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Definition
| the absence of urine formation by the kidneys |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - Uremia, also known as and what is it? |
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Definition
| uremic poisoning, a toxic condition caused by excessive amount of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - Acute renal failure - characteristics? |
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Definition
| sudden onset characterized by uremia |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - Acute renal failure - causes? |
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Definition
| drop in blood volume or blood pressure due to injury or surgery |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - Chronic renal failure, what is it and what are the causes? |
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Definition
| progressive loss of renal function due to a variety of conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes mellitus or hypertension |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Renal Failure - End-stage renal failure |
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Definition
| refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure, irreversible damage to the kidneys, dialysis or transplant or death |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Nephrotic syndrome, what is it? |
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Definition
| it's a condition wherein very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and low levels of protein are present in the blood |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Nephrotic Syndrome, cause? |
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Definition
| damage to the kidney's glomeruli |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Nephrotic Syndrome - Nephrosis |
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Definition
| any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidney malfunctioning diseases - edema |
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Definition
| excessive fluid in the body tissues |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidney malfunctioning diseases - hyperproteinuria |
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Definition
| the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidney malfunctioning diseases - hypoproteinemia |
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Definition
| the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidney malfunctioning diseases - hyperlipidemia |
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Definition
| the presence of abnormally high concentrations of lipids in the blood |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Nephropathy |
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Definition
| a disease of the kidney, either inflammatory or degenerative |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Nephropathy - Diabetic nephropathy |
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Definition
| hyperproteinuria as a result of thickening and hardening of the glomeruli caused by long term diabetic mellitis |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - hydronephrosis |
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Definition
| dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys, the result of an obstruction to the flow of urine |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephrectasis |
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Definition
| the distention (state of being enlarged) of a kidney |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephritis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
| a type of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephroptosis, also known as? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephroptosis, what does it mean? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephropyosis |
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Definition
| the suppuration of the kidney (pus) |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - polycystic kidney disease |
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Definition
| inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys become enlarged due to multiple cysts |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - pyelitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| inflammation of both the renal pelvis and the kidney |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Kidneys - renal colic |
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Definition
| acute pain in the kidney area caused by the passage of a kidney stone |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - also known as? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - what are they? |
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Definition
| abnormal mineral deposits |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - size range? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - named for? |
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Definition
| the organ or tissue where they are located |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - how are urinary stones formed? |
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Definition
| waste products in the urine crystallize |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - nephrolithiasis |
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by stone in the kidney |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Ureters - hydroureter |
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Definition
| the distension of the ureter with urine due to a blockage (urine cannot flow) |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Ureters - ureterectasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Ureters - ureterorrhagia |
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Definition
| discharge of blood from the ureter |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Ureters - ureterostenosis, found in men or women? |
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Definition
| narrowing of the ureter due to a stricture caused by scar tissue, almost always found in men |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - cystalgia and cystodynia |
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Definition
| both mean pain in the urinary bladder |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - cystitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the bladder |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - interstitial cystitis |
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Definition
| a chronic inflammation within the wall of the bladder |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - interstitial cystitis, symptoms? |
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Definition
| similar to cystitis but does not respond to traditional treatments |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - cystocele, also called? |
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Definition
| a fallen bladder, a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - urinary tract infection, where do they usually begin and who is more susceptible and why? |
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Definition
| UTIs, in the bladder, women due to the shortness of the urethra and the proximity of its opening to the vagina and rectum |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - vesicovaginal fistula |
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Definition
| an abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Urethritis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the urethra |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Urethrorrhagia |
|
Definition
| bleeding from the urethra |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Urethrorrhea |
|
Definition
| an abnormal discharge from the urethra |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Urethrostenosis |
|
Definition
| the stricture or narrowing of the urethra |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Abnormal Urethral Openings - epispadias |
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Definition
| congenital defect in the urethral opening |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Abnormal Urethral Openings - epispadias, where does this occur in males and females? |
|
Definition
male: the upper side of the penis
female: region of the clitoris |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Abnormal Urethral Openings - hypospadias |
|
Definition
| congenital defect in the urethral opening |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Abnormal Urethral Openings - hypospadias - where does it occur in males and females? |
|
Definition
male: underside of the penis
female: into the vagina |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra - Abnormal Urethral Openings - paraspadias |
|
Definition
| congenital defect in males where the urethral opening is on the side of the penis |
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Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Diuresis |
|
Definition
| increased excretion of urine |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Dysuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Enuresis |
|
Definition
| involuntary discharge of urine |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Nocturnal Enuresis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Oliguria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Polyuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Urinary Hesitancy |
|
Definition
| difficulty in starting the urine stream |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Urinary Hesitancy - in older men caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Urinary Hesitancy - in young people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Incontinence |
|
Definition
| the inability to control excretory functions |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Urinary Incontinence |
|
Definition
| the inability to control the voiding of urine |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Stress Incontinence |
|
Definition
| the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, coughing |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Incontinence - overactive bladder, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Incontinence - overactive bladder, occurs when? |
|
Definition
| when the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder is too active |
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|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - Incontinence - overactive bladder, symptoms? |
|
Definition
| urgency, urinary frequency, accidental urination |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Urinalysis |
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Definition
| examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormalities |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Catheterization |
|
Definition
| performed when a sterile specimen is required |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - cytoscopy, also known as? |
|
Definition
| cysto, visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cytoscope |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - cytoscope uses? |
|
Definition
| examination and treatment procedures such as removal of tumors |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - intravenous pyelogram, also known as? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - intravenous pyelogram, what is it? |
|
Definition
| a radiographic study (contrast medium used) of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changes in the urinary tract due to kidney stones, enlarged prostate, internal injuries, or tumors |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Computerized tomography, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Computerized tomography, what is its use? |
|
Definition
| used more frequently than an IVP, a contrast medium is sometimes used, uses an x-ray beam to produce cross-sections of the urinary system |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - what does KUB stand for? |
|
Definition
| kidneys, urethra, bladder |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - what is a KUB test? |
|
Definition
| a radiographic study of the kidneys, urethra and bladder without contrast medium |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - what another name for KUB? |
|
Definition
| flateplate of the abdomen |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Retrograde urography |
|
Definition
| a radiograph of the urinary system after a contrast medium has been introduced through a catheter to flow backwards into the urinary tract |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Cystography |
|
Definition
| a radiographic examination of the bladder after a contrast medium is placed via a urethral catheter |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Cystography, what is the result of a cystograph (the thing you examine) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System - Voiding cystourethrography |
|
Definition
| a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Medications - diuretics |
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Definition
| medicines that increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess sodium and water |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis |
|
Definition
| a procedure to remove waste products when the kidneys stop functioning |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Hemodialysis |
|
Definition
| filters waste products directly from the patient's blood |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Hemodialysis, how is it done? |
|
Definition
| a shunt is implanted in the patient's arm and is connected to the artificial kidney machine, arterial blood flows through filters. |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Hemodialysis, what do the filters contain? |
|
Definition
| dialysate, a solution of electrolytes and water which removes the waste from the blood |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Hemodialysis, where does the blood go after "processing?" |
|
Definition
| it is returned to the body through a vein |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Peritoneal Dialysis |
|
Definition
| the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts like a filter to remove waste from the blood |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Peritoneal Dialysis, how is it done? |
|
Definition
| Dialysate solution is run into the peritoneal cavity and the fluid is exchanged through a catheter implanted in the abdominal wall |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Peritoneal Dialysis, when is this type of dialysis performed? |
|
Definition
| renal failure and certain types of poisoning |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis |
|
Definition
| a dialysate solution is instilled from a plastic container worn underneath the clothing, must be changed about every four hours |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Dialysis - Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis |
|
Definition
| a machine is used to cycle the dialysate solution while the patient sleeps at night |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - renal transplantation, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - how is a kidney transplant done? |
|
Definition
| donor kidney is grafted into the body, not where the bad kidney is located (btw) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephrolysis |
|
Definition
| the freeing of a kidney from adhesions |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - the other meaning for nephrolysis |
|
Definition
| a pathological condition in which there is destruction of kidney tissues |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephropexy |
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of a floating kidney |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - nephrostomy |
|
Definition
| the establishment of an opening between the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body for drainage of hydronephrosis |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - pyeloplasty |
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Kidneys - pyelotomy |
|
Definition
| a surgical incision into the renal pelvis |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Removal of Kidney Stones - lithotripsy, also known as? |
|
Definition
| extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves to break up a stone |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Removal of Kidney Stones - nephrolithotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of a kidney stone through an incision into the kidney |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System - Removal of Kidney Stones - percutaneous nephrolithotomy |
|
Definition
| a small incision is made in the back and a nephroscope is inserted to crush and remove a kidney stone |
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|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Ureters - ureterectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of a ureter |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Ureters - ureteroplasty |
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a ureter |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Ureters - ureterorrhaphy |
|
Definition
| surgical suturing of a ureter |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - cystectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - cystorrhaphy |
|
Definition
| surgical suturing of the bladder |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - lithotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical incision to remove a stone from the bladder (also means a physical examination position) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Catheterization - |
|
Definition
performed to remove urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place a fluid into the urinary bladder
OR TO EMPTY THE STUPID THING! |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urethral Catheterization - |
|
Definition
| catheter is placed along the urethra and into the bladder |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Indwelling Catheter - |
|
Definition
| a catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged time |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Suprapubic Catheterization - |
|
Definition
| catheter is placed through an incision through the abdominal wall and into the bladder |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urethra - meatotomy |
|
Definition
| an incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urethra - urethropexy |
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of the urethra, usually performed to correct urinary stress incontinence |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urethra - urethrostomy |
|
Definition
| surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urethra - urethrotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - types and locations, cystolith |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - types and locations, nephrolith |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Stones - types and locations, ureterolith |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination -nocturia |
|
Definition
| excessive urination during the night |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Procedures for the Urinary System - Urinary Bladder - cystopexy |
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urethra urethrodynia, also called? |
|
Definition
Urethralgia
pain in the urethra |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Urinary System - Urination - urinary retention |
|
Definition
| the inability to empty the bladder, frequently associated with an enlarged prostate gland |
|
|
