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| love of wisdo, philo + sophia |
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Term
| 2 ways to define philosophy |
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1.) philo of life/personal perspective
2.) philo as an intellectual activity |
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"Basic World Stuff" "Ultimate Reality" "What is really real?"
"Do we have free will?" |
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"What specific quality makes us human?" properties, attriutes, qualities of being
ex.) ontological status of god- all knowing, all loving, all powerful |
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Can we know anything w/ 100% certainty? How do you know what you know? What can we know and how do we know it?
1.) the 5 senses (generally not questioned)
2.) 2+2=4 reason or logic |
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| Who is the moral individual? What values are important? Why? Best life for human being? Foundation for morality? |
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| Social/Political philosophy |
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| What is the best form of government? Why? How to structure society? |
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| Does God exist? What is God like? Is there evil in the world? Examples of evil? Why does evil exist? What is spirituality? |
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| What is good reasoning? Deductive vs. Inductive reasoning |
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1.) premise- support, evidence, reasons
2.) conclusion- claim |
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1.) deductive
2.) inductive |
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| out of ordinary, not easily seen, perceived, or observed, things are the way that they are b/c of the gods |
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| more reasoning, logical thinking |
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1st presocratic to talk about BASIC WORLD STUFF- intermediate apeiron gave birth to all inanimate objects
imperceptible substance, started western idea of God |
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| BASIC STUFF is air, vapor, or mist compressed to make solids |
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| SPECULATIVE PHILOSOPHY things CHANGE but remain the same, go into and out of existence, when it looks like things are changing it's an illusion, cannot know anything based on out senses, no such thing as nothingness, things just are |
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BASIC STUFF is FIRE
things change and remain the same
more scientific |
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abstract thinking, senses against reason/logic
ARROW PICTURE, movement is an illusion, half distances to infinity, logically arrow does not move, birth of speculative philosophy, PARADOXES |
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being/remaining the same but also becoming or changing or being in flux
ATOMISM atoms move about in "the void" |
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BASIC STUFF is WATER
because it was all around him |
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universe made of ONE substance
Thales, Aneximander, Aneximenes |
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only constant is change, opposing forces tear the world apart, only held together by natural law or logos
CONSTANT OF UNIVERSE is not matter itself but HOW IT BEHAVES |
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| look after perfection of soul, teach, mandated by the Gods, the dialectic |
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| athenian people say he corrupted youth |
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| in prison, conversations, arguments with friends, convincing him to leave his jail cell but he refuses |
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| theme is immortality of the soul, events and discussions of the last day of Socrates life |
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| taught practical success, not reflection or deep thinking or perfection of the soul |
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| corruption of young minds, atheism/impiety (missed mand religious rituals) |
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