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| A system of government where the powers are divided amongst the central government and smaller units such as states or provinces. Tends to be found in large nations that have very diverse states or regions. |
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| Where states get together for common purposes but retain individual right to veto central government actions, like United Nations and the European Union. |
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| The central Government has all the power and can change the states or units and can also tell them what to do, a majority of countries use a unitary system. |
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| Tenth Amendment / Reservation Clause |
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| Part of the bill of rights, this amendment says that the powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited for the states by the constitution are reserved for the states and the people. |
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| Powers in the constitution that are shared by the states and federal government, such as state and federal taxation, and public spending in both state and federal government. |
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| Used to explain the relationships amongst states. |
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| An agreement amongst states to cooperate on solving mutual problems; requires approval by congress to prevent coalitions that could threaten federal authority. |
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| The view of American Federalism that holds that the constitution created a system in which the national government is supreme relative to the states and that granted to it a broad range of powers and responsibilities. |
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| The view of American federalism that holds that the constitution created a system of dual sovereignty, in which the national government and state governments are sovereign in their own spheres. |
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| An interpretation of federalism in which the states and national government have separate jurisdictions and responsibilities. Popular among states rights proponents. |
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| An attempt by states to declare national laws or actions null and void. |
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| McCullock Vs. Maryland (1819) |
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| Maryland thought it should be able to tax the U.S. bank, the supreme court stated that the government constitutionally was able to create a bank where it saw fit and that Maryland did not have the right to levy taxes on the bank. This was the first major statement and definition of the elastic clause. |
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| Exclusion of the states from actions that might interfere with federal authority or statutes. Supremacy clause. |
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| Dred Scott Vs. Sanford(1857) |
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| The supreme court ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because congress didn't have the right to ban slavery in the territories. This worried many outside the south about the growing power of slave interest and upset the balance between the north (free) south (slave). |
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| The 13th, which abolished slavery, the 14th due process clause, and the 15th which gave all previous male slaves and there descendants the right to vote. |
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| The 13th, which abolished slavery, the 14th due process clause, and the 15th which gave all previous male slaves and there descendants the right to vote. |
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| The section of the 14th amendment which prohibits states from denying any citizen the right to life, liberty, or property without due process. A protection against unfair government action. |
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| The section of 14th amendment which provides equal protection of the laws to all citizens. |
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| The delegation of power by the central government to state or local bodies. Popular during the Regan administration. |
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| Federalism in which the state and national government powers and responsibilities are intertwined and both levels work together to solve common problems. This characterized the 1960-70’s. |
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| The aspect of federalism that has to do with federal grants to states. |
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| Grants from the federal government that help states pay for programs that were created by the federal government. |
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| Federal aid to states and localities clearly defining what category or activity the money can be spent on. |
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| Federal grants to the states to be used on general activities. |
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| Federal aid to states with no preconditions on how the money is to be spent. |
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| Provisions in federal assistance requiring state and local government follow certain policies in order to obtain federal funds. |
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| Order from the national government that the states carry out certain policies. |
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