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| an imaginary line drawn through the center of the length of the central nervous system from the bottom of the spinal cord to the front of the forebrain. |
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| with respect to the central nervous system located near or toward the head |
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| with respect to the central nervous system located near or toward the tail |
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| toward the beak with respect to the central nervous system in a direction along the neuraxis toward the front of the face |
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| toward the tail in a direction along the neuraxis away from the front of the face |
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| toward the back in a direction perpendicular to the neuraxis toward the top of the head or the back |
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| towrd the belly in a direction perpendicular to the neuraxis toward the bottom of the skull or the front surface of the body |
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| toward the side of the body away from the side |
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| toward the middle of the body away from the side |
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| located on the same side of the body |
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| located on the opposite side of the body |
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| with respect to the central nervous system a slice taken at right angles of the neuraxis |
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| a slice through the brain parallel to the forehead |
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| a slice through the brain parallel to the ground |
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| a slice through the brain parallel ti the neuraxis and perpendicular to the ground |
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| the plane through the neuraxis perpendicular to the ground divides the brain into two symmetrical halves |
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| the three layers of tissue that encase the central nervous system the dura matter arachnoid membrane and pia matter |
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| the outermost of the meninges tough and flexible |
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| the middle layer of the meninges located between the the outer dura matter and inner pia matter |
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| the layer of the meninges that clings to the surface of the brain thin and delicate |
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| the fluid filled space that cushions the brain located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia matter |
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| a clear fluid similar to blood plasma that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the sub-arachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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| one of the hollow spaces within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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| one of the two ventricles located in the center of the telencephalon |
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| the ventricle located in the center of the diencephalon |
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| a narrow tube interconnecting the third and the forth ventricles of the brain located in the center of the mesencephalon |
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| the ventricle located between the cerebellum and the dorsal pons in the center of the metencephalon |
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| the highly vascular tissue that protrudes into the ventricles and produces cerebrospinal fluid |
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| a hollow tube closed at the rostral end that forms from ectodermal tissue early in embryonic development serves as the origin of the central nervous system |
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| the outermost layer of grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
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| cells of the ventricular zone that divide and give rise to cells of the central nervous system |
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| a layer of cells that line the inside of the neural tube contains progenitor cells that divide and give rise to cells of the central nervous system |
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| division of a progenitor cell that gives rise to two identical progenitor cells increases the size of the ventricular zone and hence the brain that develops from it |
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| division of a progenitor cell that gives rise to another progenitor cell and a neuron, which migrates away from the ventricular zone towards its final resting place in the brain |
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| special glia fibers that grow radically outward from the ventricular zone to the surface of the cortex; provides guidance for neurons migrating outward during brain development |
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| death of a cell caused by a chemical signal that activates the genetic mechanisms inside the cells |
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| production of new neurons within the brain |
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| the most rostial of the three major divisions of the brain; includes the telecehalon and diencephalons |
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| one of the two major portions of the forebrain, covered by the cerebral cortex |
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| region of the brain located within the brain, beneath the cortical surface |
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| a groove smaller than a fissure in the surface of the cerebral hemisphere |
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| a convulsion of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres separated bu sulci of fissures |
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| the region of the posterior occipital lobe whose primary input is from the visual systems |
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| a fissure located in the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the brain, most of the primary visual cortex is located along its upper and lower banks |
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| the fissue that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe |
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| the sulcus that separates the frontal love form the parietal lobe |
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| the region of the posterior frontal love that contains neurons that control movement of skeletal muscles |
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| the region of the cerebral cortex caudal to the frontal love and dorsal to the temporal lobe |
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| the region of the cerebral cortex rostal to the occipital lobe and ventral to the parietal lobe |
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| the region of the cerebral cortex caudal to the parietal love and temporal lobe |
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| sensory association cortex |
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| those regions of the cerebral cortex that receive information from the regions of primary sensory cortex |
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| the region of the frontal love rostal to the motor association cortex |
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| a large bundle of axons that interconnects corresponding regions of the association cortex on each other |
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| phylogenetically newest cortex, including the primary sensory cortex, primary motor cortex and association cortex |
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| phylogeneticly old cortex lovated at the medial edge(limbus) of the cerebral hemispheres; part of the limbic systems |
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| a strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the grove separating the cerebral hemispheres |
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| a group of brain regions including the anterior thalamic nuclei, amygdala,hippocampus, limbic cortex, and part of the hypothalamus as well as theri interconnecting fiber bundles |
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| a forebrain structure of the medial temporal love constituting as important part of the limbic syestems involved in learning and memory |
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| a structure in the interior of the rostal temprol love containing a set of nuclei, part of the limbic system |
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| a fiber bundle that connects the hippocampus with other parts of the brain including the mammillary bodies of the hyothalmus, part of the limbic system |
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| a group of subsortical nuclei in the telencephalon, the caudate nucleus the gobus pallidus and the putamen; important parts of the motor system |
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| an identifiable group of neural cell bodies in the central nervous system |
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| a region of the forebrain surrounding the third ventricle; including the thalamus and hypothalamus |
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| largest portion of the diencephalon, located above the hypothalamus; contains nuclei and project information to specific regions of the cerebral cortex and receive information from it. |
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| an axon of a neuron in one region of the brain who's terminals form synapses with neurons in another region |
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| lateral geniculate nucleus |
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| a froup of cell bodies with in the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus that receives fibers from the retina and projects fibers to the primary visual cortex |
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| a nucleus of the thalamus that receives inputs from the cerebellum and sends axons to the primary motor cortex |
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| a group of nuclei of the diencephalon situated beneath the thalmus; involved in regulation of the autonomic nervous system, controls of anterior and posterior pituitary glands and integration of species-typical behavior |
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| an X shaped connection between the optic nerves located below the base of the brain, just anterior to the pituitary gland |
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| an endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalmic hormones |
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| a neuron that secretes a hormone or hormone-like substance |
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| posterior pituitary gland |
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| an endocrine gland that contains hormone-secreting terminal buttons of axons whose bodies lie within the hypothalamus |
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| protrusions on top of the mid brain part of the visual systems |
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| protrusions on top of the mid brain part of the auditory system |
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| the stem of ht brain from the medulla to the diencephalon excluding the cerebellum |
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| vental part of the midbrain;includes the periaqueductal gray matter, reticular formation, red nucleus and substantia |
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| a large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem from the medulla to the diencephalon |
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| periaqueductal gray matter |
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| the region of the midbrain surrounding the vertebral aqueduct; contains neural circuits involved in species-typical behaviors |
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| a large nucleus of the midbrain that receives input from the cerebellum and motor cortex and sends axon to motor neurons in the spinal cord |
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| a darkly stainedregion of the tegmentum that contains nwurons that communicate with caudate nucleus and putamen in the basal ganglia |
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| the most caudal of the three major divisions of the brain includes the metencephalon and myelencephalon |
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| a major part of the brain located forsal to the posns containing the thwo cerebellar hemispheres covered with the verebellar cortex and important componenet of the motor system |
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| nuclei located within the cerebellare hemispheres; receives rigections from the cerebellare cortex and sends projections out of the cerebellum into other parts of the brain |
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| one of the three bundles of the axons that attach each cerebellar hemisphere to the dorsal pos |
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| the region of the metencephalon rostal to the medulla and caudal to the midbrain, and ventral to the cerebellum |
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| the most caudal portion of the brain located in the myelencephalon, immediately rostal to the spinal cord |
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| a bundle of axons surrounded by connective tissue that occurs in pairs which fuse and form a spinal nerve |
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| a bundle of spinal roots located caudal to the end of the spinal cord |
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| the anesthesia and paralysis of the paralysis of the lower part of the body produced by injection of local anesthetic in to cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the cauda equina |
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| the spinal root that contains incoming afferent sensory fibers |
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| spinal root that contains outgoing efferent motor fibers |
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| a peripheral nerve attached to the spinal cord |
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| sn sxon directed towards the central nervous system, conveying sensory information |
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| nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of afferent spinal nerve neurons |
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| an axon directed away fro the central nervous system conveying motor commands to muscles and glands |
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| a peripheral nerve attached directly to the brain |
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| the largest of the cranial nerves, conveying efferent fibers of the parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system to organ of thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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| the protrusion at the end of the olfactory nerve receives input from the olfactory receptors |
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| the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of skeletal muscles or transmits somatosensory information to the central nervous system |
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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| the protons of the perepherial nervous system that controls the body's vegetative state |
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| the portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls functions that accompany arousal and expenditure of energy |
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| nodlesthat contain synapses between preganglionic and postganglionaic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system |
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| sympathetic ganglion chain |
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| one of a pair of sympathetic ganglia that lie ventrolateral to the vertebral column |
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| the efferent neuron of the autonomic nervous system whose cell body is located in a cranial nerce nucleus or in the intermediate horn of the sinal gray matter whose terminal buttons synapse upon postganglionic neurons in the autonomic ganglia |
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| neurons of the autonomic nervouse syystem that form synapses firenctly with thier target organ |
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| the protion of the autonomic nervouse system that controls function that occur during a relaxed state |
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