Term
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Definition
| long molecule consisting of many identical or similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| the repeating unit that serves as the building blocks of a polymer |
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Term
| condensation/dehydration reaction |
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Definition
| process by which monomers are connected to make polymers; results in the release of a water molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| polymers are disassembled to monomers, water is consumed |
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Term
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Definition
| sugars and their polymers |
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Term
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Definition
| simple sugars, CH2O ratio ex: glucose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| two monosacchardies bonded together; double sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| polymers with 100's to 1,000's of monosaccharides bonded together |
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Term
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Definition
| storage polysaccharide of plants |
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Term
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Definition
| storage polysaccharide of animals |
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Term
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Definition
| structural polysaccharide of plants, fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| structural polysaccharide of animals; insect exoskeletons |
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Term
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Definition
| fats; little to no affinity to water (hydrophobic) |
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Term
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Definition
| long hydrocarbon tail with carboxyl end |
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Term
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Definition
| three fatty acids + 1 glycerol molecule bonded together (triglyceride) |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid with no multiple bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid tail with multiple bonds (double or triple) |
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Term
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Definition
| two fatty acids + 1 glycerol + phosphate (membrane component) |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings |
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Term
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Definition
| steroid, component of animal membranes and precursor in the manufacture of other steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| three dimmensional macromolecule consisting of a four tiered structure; made of amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organic molecules having both amino and carboxyl groups |
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Term
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Definition
| covalant bond between two amino acids (H from amine, and OH from carboxyl) |
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Term
| primary protein structure |
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Definition
| unique sequence of amino acids |
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Term
| secondary protein structure |
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Definition
| result of hydrogen bonding at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every fourth amino acid in a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| two regions of a polypeptide lie parallel to each other. Hydrogen bonding between the parts of the backbone hold it in this conformation |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular contortions of a protein by amino acid side chains |
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Term
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Definition
| nonpolar side chains congregate in clusters at the core of the protein away from water |
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Term
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Definition
| strong, covalent bonds between two cysteine side chains |
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Term
| quaternary protein structure |
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Definition
| when two or more polypeptide chains become aggregated into one functional macromolecule |
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Term
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Definition
| lose of shape by a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA that codes for a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| macromolecule that carries the cells instructions |
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Term
| DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid |
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Definition
| genetic material in the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| messenger that carries and translates the DNA code found on genes |
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Term
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Definition
| building blocks of nucleic acids; phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base |
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Term
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Definition
| six membered ring of carbon and nitrogen (C,A,T) |
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Term
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Definition
| six membered ring fused toa five membered ring (C, G) |
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Term
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Definition
| pentose sugar attached to the nitrogenous bases in RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| pentose sugar attached to the nitrogen bases in DNA |
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