Term
| What types of neurons are involved in descending pathways |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Planning, initiating and directing voluntary movements
Receives input from the basal ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
Basic movements and postural control
Receives input from the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| Gaiting of proper imitation of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory motor coordinating of ongoing movement |
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Term
| Where does the motor cortex and brainstem centers send info too? |
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Definition
| The local circuit neurons or the motor pools |
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Term
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Definition
lower motor neuron integration
if info sent here first, it will send it to the motor pools |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Motor neuron pools send info to where? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Local circuit neurons (LMN) |
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Term
| Spinal cord (3 main functions) |
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Definition
- distributes motor fibersto effector organ
- collects somatosensory info from periphery
- contains some reflex circuits |
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Term
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Definition
| Info from muscles, skin viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| Outgoing info to muscles, preganglionic sympathetic axons, parasympathetic axons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ascending/descending fibers |
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Term
| Spinal cord problems: how to transit high volume info at the highest possible speed while ensuring that the system is not exposed to risks |
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Definition
-Making neuronal axons smaller- miniaturizing is accomplished by myelination
- Concentrating all the transmitting axons into a single fiber that runs in a cushioned tube surrounded by bone |
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Term
| Spinal cord problems: How to organize the system so that information is easily sorted ands the transmission lines are short |
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Definition
| Organize the spinal cord into a matrix of lanes and areas where fibers are responsible fora particular task to travel together |
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Term
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Definition
| behaviors that do no involve the brain |
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Term
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Definition
-segemental organization of spinal cord is most pronounced in regard to the skin
- area innervated by one spinal nerve=one derm
herpes zoster |
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Term
| The amount and shape of both gray and white matter in the spinal cord varies with location |
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Definition
largest cross sections in cervical and lumbar regions
thoracic and lumbar characterized by lateral horn |
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Term
| nucleus posteromarginalis |
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Definition
| tip of dorsal horn (medium and large neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
| small unmyelinated and thinly unmyelinated neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons of various sizes, different pathways |
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Term
| motor cell columns in ventral horn |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| striated muscle, controls muscles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ascending Pathways (somatosensory) |
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Definition
| carries info from sensory receptors in the skin, viscera, joints and muscles in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
-primary afferents whose peripheral endings form the sensory receptors
- transmit the info to the CNS and have cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
-located in spinal cord or brainstem and transmit info from the first order neurons to the thalamus
- decussates to synapse in contralateral thalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| These transmit info from one of the sensory nuclei of the thalamus to a sensory region of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
-located in sensory regions of the cerebral cortex
-may also synapse on higher order neurons so that hight processing occurs |
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Term
| Asc. Pathways for Pain and Temperature (Anterolateral System) |
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Definition
| includes spinothalamic, spinoreticular, and spinotectal tract |
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Term
| Pathways for tactile information, vibration and kinesthesia |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathways for Somatosensory impulses to cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- axons decussate in same or adjacent spinal cord segment
- fibers ascend in contralateral in anterolateral funniculus
- project to VPL thalamus and then onto first neuron somatosensory cortex |
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Term
AL vs DCML
modalities
location in sc
level of decussation
brainstem terminations
cortical terminations |
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Definition
pain, temp, light touch vs. touch, vibration and proprioception
anterolateral system vs. dorsal column
spinal cord vs medulla
reticular formation vs. VPL nuclei of thalamus
tectum posterior group of thalamus
VPL nuclei of thalamus
posterior group of thalamus
first and second-degree somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
carries unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum
second order neurons |
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Term
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Definition
white matter of spinal cord
motor pathways
originate in pre central gyrus |
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Term
| Descending fibers from brain to ventral horn of spinal cord to gray matter = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cortico, rubro, vestibulo, reticulo |
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Term
| Cortico and rubro descend where? |
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Definition
| in dorsal lateral aspect of white matter (lateral funicullus) |
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Term
| vestibulo and reticulo descend into? |
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Definition
| ventromedial white matter (ventral funiculus) |
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Term
| lateral vs. ventral corticospinal tract |
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Definition
90% fibers from motor cortex follow LSCT
10% fibers descend uncrossed in ventral funiculus |
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Term
| Lesions of lateral cortico |
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Definition
| ipsilateral weaknessand spasticity of the affected muscles and below the level of the lesion |
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Term
| Stroke of the brain regions driving the lateral cortico |
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Definition
| result in contralateral weakness and spasticity of the affected muscles and below the level of the lesion |
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Term
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Definition
-closely related to cortico
-descend together in to lateral funiculus
- uses red nucleus as relay station
- responsible for skilled movements of limb muscles |
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Term
| Vestibulospinal and medial reticulospinal tracts |
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Definition
-part of ventromedial group in spinal cord
- responsible for decerebrate rigidity
- tonically active when disconnected from cerebellar control
- loss of inhibition of externs and flexor muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| involved with postural movements and gross movements of limb muscles (head balance and turning) |
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Term
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Definition
| involved with cardiovascular, respiratory, and other visceromotor functions |
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Term
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Definition
| primary afferents=sc to skeletal muscles=LMNS |
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Term
| cell groups form read lamina IX |
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Definition
axial musculature medially in ventral horn
limb musculature laterally in ventral horn |
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Term
| LMNS tell what to do what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
spastic paralysis
no muscular atrophy
hyper reflexia and clonus
usually babinksi sign
no fibrillations or fasciculations |
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Term
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Definition
flaccid paralysis
pronounced muscular atrophy
hyporflexia
absence of babinski
fibrillations and fasiciulations |
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