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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consequence of the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies |
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Term
| There are several ways in which we can learn about the function of the components of the sensory system: |
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Definition
Clinical case studies
Brain stimulation studies
Neuroimaging
Single-unit recordings |
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Term
| If some particular perceptual problem always occurs when a particular neural structure is damaged |
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Definition
| In order to surmise involvement, the injury needs to be relatively “clean” |
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Term
| Localized damage can occur because of |
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Definition
Trauma
Strokes
Infection
Congenital problems (from birth |
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Term
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Definition
Things can go wrong
At the level of...
At the level of the... |
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Term
| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| long-term hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells. This can happen because of infection, or exposure to a dangerously loud sound such as an explosion |
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Term
| Sounds appear distorted and indistinct |
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Definition
| deficient transduction of frequencies into nerve impulses |
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Term
| Damage to vestibular hair cells causes |
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Definition
| dizziness, nausea, and uncontrollable eye movements |
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Term
| Damage can occur independently for each semi-circular canal |
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Definition
| therefore affect only particular positions or direction of motion |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| a clinical disorder in which patients do not recognize their own limbs as their own on one side of the body |
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Term
| Asomatognosia - Caused by selective damage (tumor) to an area of the right-hand cortex, near the junction of the temporal and parietal lobes. |
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Definition
| More serious if frontal lobe is also damaged. |
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Term
| Damage to the cortex- Because different parts of the cortex are specialized for ver different purposes |
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Definition
| damage to them can cause highly specific perceptual problems |
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Term
| During the Russo-Japanese war 1904-05 |
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Definition
| armies started using high-velocity ammunition that produced “clean”, localized damage. |
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Term
| “clean”- localized damage. |
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Definition
| There were patients that had damage to their visual cortex and a few other areas of the brain (as opposed to their whole head exploding on impact) |
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Term
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Definition
| traced the path of bullets through his patients’ cortex and mapped specific areas that were affected |
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Term
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Definition
| in a highly ordered way across the surface of the primary visual cortex |
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Term
| Primary visual cortex has a |
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Definition
| “retinotopic organization”. |
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Term
| “retinotopic organization” |
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Definition
| Signals from photoreceptors that are close by in the retina are processed by neurons that are close by in the cortex. |
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Term
| Signals from the eyes arrive at |
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Definition
| the primary visual cortex |
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Term
| the primary visual cortex |
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Definition
| This is where basic features of our visual fields are processed |
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Term
| Signals are then passed on to the secondary visual cortex |
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Definition
| where features are integrated into wholes and processed further |
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Term
| Damaged areas of the secondary visual cortex lead to |
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Definition
“disorders of integration”
“where basic features are supposed to be put together" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to secondary visual cortex |
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Definition
| Achromatopsia/Akinetopsia |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to see colors, even when the cones and all other structures up to that part of the cortex are intact |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to see movement: perceived as a series of stop-motion pictures with no states in between – a cup is empty and suddenly it’s overflowing, the image only “refreshes” sporadically. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The affected individuals can see the elements that make up an image, but cannot put those elements together in order to make sense of what they see.
They are able to name them when they touch them or hear them, and to draw them by copying them or remembering them |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific impairment for face recognition, even when individual features can be seen |
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