Term
| Functions of the Respiratory System - three things |
|
Definition
| 1. Bring oxygen-rich air into the body for delivery to the blood cells, blood delivers oxygen to tissues, 2. Expel waste products (CO2 and water waste returned to the lungs by the blood, 3. Produce airflow through the pharnyx which makes speech possible |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - what 6 things does the upper respiratory tract consist of? |
|
Definition
| nose, mouth, pharnyx, epiglotis, larnyx and trachea |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - what does the lower respiratory tract consist of? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - where does air go after entering the nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - what is the nasal septum? |
|
Definition
| a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - what are cilia? |
|
Definition
| thin hairs located just inside the nostrils |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - what do cilia do? |
|
Definition
| filter incoming air to remove debris |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - mucus |
|
Definition
| secreted by the mucous membranes in the nose to warm, moisten and filter the incoming air |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - olfactory receptors |
|
Definition
| nerve endings that act as receptors for the sense of smell, aid in taste |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - nose - olfactory receptors - where are they located? |
|
Definition
| in the mucous membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - tonsils |
|
Definition
| form a protective circle around the entrance to the respiatory system |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - located where? |
|
Definition
| in the bones of the skull, connected to the nasal cavity via short ducts |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - what is a sinus? |
|
Definition
| an air-filled cavity within a bone, lined with a mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - 3 functions of a sinus? |
|
Definition
| 1. make the bones of the skull lighter, 2. to help produce sound by giving resonance to the voice, 3. to produce mucus for additional lubrication |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - how many sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - where are the four paired sinuses located? |
|
Definition
| on either side of the nose |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - what are the sinuses named for? |
|
Definition
| the bones in which they are located |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - frontal sinuses, where are they located? |
|
Definition
| in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - sphenoid sinuses, where are they located? |
|
Definition
| in the sphenoid bone close to the optic nerve |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - maxillary sinuses, where are they located? |
|
Definition
| in the maxillary bones (teeth area) |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - what is the largest sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - Paranasal Sinuses - ethmoid sinuses, where are they located? |
|
Definition
| in the ethmoid bones, and are irregularly shaped and are separated from the orbital cavity by a thin layer of bone |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - commonly known as the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - made up of how many divisions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - what is the first division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - where is the nasopharnyx located? |
|
Definition
| posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward toward the mouth |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - what does the nasopharnyx allow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - what is the second division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - oropharnyx - where is it located? |
|
Definition
| it is the portion visible when looking into the mouth |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - oropharnyx - shared by? |
|
Definition
| the respiratory and digestive systems |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - oropharnyx - what does it do? |
|
Definition
| transports air, food and fluids downward to the laryngopharnyx |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - what is the third division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - laryngopharnyx - shared by? |
|
Definition
| both the respiratory and digestive systems |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pharynx - laryngopharnyx - what does it do? |
|
Definition
| transports air, food and fluids downward to the openings of the esophagus and trachea |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Larnyx - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Larnyx - shape and location? |
|
Definition
| triangular, between the pharnyx and the trachea |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Larnyx - protected and held open by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Larnyx - largest cartilage? |
|
Definition
| thyroid cartilage or Adam's apple |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Larnyx - contains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Larnyx - Protective Swallowing Mechanisms |
|
Definition
| during swallowing, the soft palate moves up and backward to close off the nasopharnyx. the epiglottis swings downward and closes of the laryngopharnyx so food does not enter the trachea |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Trachea - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Trachea - route of air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Trachea - held open by? |
|
Definition
| a series of C-shaped cartilage rings |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Bronchial Tree - divides how and to where? |
|
Definition
| into two branches called branchi, one goes to each lung |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Bronchial Tree - singular of bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Bronchial Tree - what are the smallest bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Alveoli - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Alveoli - what are they? |
|
Definition
| very small, grape-like clusters at the end of each bronchiole |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Alveoli - singular for alveoli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Alveoli - each lung contains? |
|
Definition
| millions of alveoli which are filled with air from the bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Alveoli - what surrounds the walls of alveoli? |
|
Definition
| a network of microscopic pulmonary capillaries |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Alveoli - what happens during respiration? |
|
Definition
| oxygen and carbond dioxide exchange between the alveolar air and the pulmonary capillary blood through the walls of the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Lungs - organ of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Lungs - divided into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Lungs - how many lobes does the right lung have? |
|
Definition
| three, superior, middle and interior |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Lungs - how many lobes does the left lung have and why? |
|
Definition
| two, superior and inferior, smaller due to the heart |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Mediastinum - what is it? what does it contain? |
|
Definition
| the cavity between the lungs, connective tissue, heart (with its veins and arteries), the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus and lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pleura - plural? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pleura - what is it? |
|
Definition
| a thin, moist membrane that covers the outside of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pleura - parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
| the outer layer of the pleura that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm and forms the sac containing each lung |
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|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pleura - visceral pleura? |
|
Definition
| inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pleura - pleural space, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Pleura - pleural space - what is it? |
|
Definition
| an airtight area between the layers of the pleural membranes containing a thin layer of fluid |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Diaphragm - what is it? |
|
Definition
| the muscle that separate the thoracic cavity from the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Diaphragm - how is breathing possible? |
|
Definition
| the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm musle |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the Respiratory System - The Diaphragm - what is the phrenic nerve? |
|
Definition
| the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - what is it? |
|
Definition
| the exchange of the gases oxygen and CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - what is external respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiration - what is internal respiration? |
|
Definition
| exchange of gasses on a cellular level |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - external respiration - commonly known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiration - external respiration - what is one respiration? |
|
Definition
| one breath in, one breath out (inhalation and exhalation) |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - external respiration - inhalation, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiration - external respiration - inhalation - how does it work? |
|
Definition
| diaphragm contracts and pulls downward, thoracic cavity expands, produces vacuum which pulls air in |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - external respiration - exhalation - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiration - external respiration - exhalation - how does this happen? |
|
Definition
| as the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward causing the thoracic cavity to become narrower. this forces air out. |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - The exchange of gases within the lungs - what happens when we inhale? |
|
Definition
| Oxygen is immediately passed into the surrounding capillaries and carried by erythocytes (red blood cells) to all body cells |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - The exchange of gases within the lungs - what happens when we exhale? |
|
Definition
| CO2 passes from the capillaries into the airspaces of the lungs to be exhaled |
|
|
Term
| Respiration - Internal Repiration - what is it? |
|
Definition
| oxygen passes from from the bloodstream to cells, CO2 passes from the cells into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System - name the two specialist who treat disorders of the ear, nose and throat |
|
Definition
| otolaryngologist and otorhinolaryngologist |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System - what is a specialist of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
|
Definition
| a group of diseases characterized by irreversible respiratory conditions, mainly emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Emphysema |
|
Definition
| progressive loss of lung function commonly attributed to long-term smoking |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Emphysema - characterized by? (3) |
|
Definition
| 1. decrease in total number of aveoli, 2. enlargement of the remaining aveolie, 3. progressive destruction of the walls of the remaining aveoli |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Emphysema - what happens as the aveoli are destroyed? |
|
Definition
| breathing becomes rapid, shallow and difficult |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Asthma - what is it? |
|
Definition
| a chronic allergic disorder |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Asthma - characterized by? |
|
Definition
| episodes of severe breathing, wheezing and coughing |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Asthma - what is someone called who has asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Asthma - breathing difficulty is caused by (3)? |
|
Definition
| 1. swelling and inflammation of the lining of the airways, 2. production of thick mucus, 3. tightening of the muscles that surround the airways |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - what are terms used to describe the common cold? |
|
Definition
| upper respiratory infection and acute nasopharyngitis |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - allergic rhinitis - commonly referred to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - allergic rhinitis - what is it? |
|
Definition
| an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - Croup - |
|
Definition
| a respiratory syndrome in infants and children characterized by obstruction of the larnyx, hoarseness and a barking cough |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - diphtheria |
|
Definition
| now largely prevented with immunization, characterized by an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory track, causes a progessive loss of lung function due to a decrease in the total number of alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - epistaxis - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - influenza - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - influenza - what is it? |
|
Definition
| an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - pertussis - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - pertussis - what is it? |
|
Definition
| a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory track |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - pertussis - characterized by? |
|
Definition
| recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - rhinorrhea - also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Upper Respiratory Diseases - sinusitis - |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the sinuses |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pharynx and Larnyx - pharyngitis - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pharynx and Larnyx - laryngoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pharynx and Larnyx - larnygospasm |
|
Definition
| sudden spasm-like closure of the larnyx |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pharynx and Larnyx - Voice Disorders - Aphonia |
|
Definition
| loss of the ability of the larnyx to produce normal speech |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pharynx and Larnyx - Voice Disorders - dysphonia |
|
Definition
| any change in thee vocal quality including horseness and the change in a boy's voice as he matures |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pharynx and Larnyx - Voice Disorders - laryngitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the larynx, voice loss caused by this inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Trachea and Bronchi - tracheorrhagia |
|
Definition
| bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Trachea and Bronchi - bronchiectasis |
|
Definition
| the chronic, irreversible enlargement of the bronchi or bronchioles, often the result of a lung infection |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Trachea and Bronchi -bronchitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bronchial walls caused by an infection or smoking |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Trachea and Bronchi - bronchorrhea |
|
Definition
| excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pleurisy - also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pleurisy - what is it? |
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pleurisy - caused by? |
|
Definition
| influenza or damage to the lung beneath the pleura |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pleurodynia |
|
Definition
| pain in the pleura associated with breathing |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pneumothorax |
|
Definition
| when air accumulates in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance, leads to a collapsed lung |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pleural effusion |
|
Definition
| when fluid accumlates in the pleural space, causes a feeling of breathlessness |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - pyothorax, also known as? |
|
Definition
| empyema, the accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - hemothorax |
|
Definition
| the accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - hemoptysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - severe acute respiratory syndrome |
|
Definition
| SARS, first appeared in China 2003, sometimes fatal viral respiratory disorder that begins with a fever, then dry nonproductive cough and severe breathing difficulty |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - acute respiratory distress syndrome |
|
Definition
| ARDS, not a specific disease, is a form of a sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs that makes breathing extremely difficult |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - pneumorrhagia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - atelectasis |
|
Definition
| the lungs fail to expand completely due to shallow breathing or blocked air passages, can result in a collapsed lung |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Tuberculosis - |
|
Definition
| an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Tuberculosis - multidrug-resistant tuberculosis |
|
Definition
| TB germs that are resistant to primary TB drugs |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - |
|
Definition
| a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs wherein the smallest bronchioles and avioles are either pus or liquid filled |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - bronchopneumonia |
|
Definition
| the form of pneumonia that affects patches of bronchioles throughout both lungs |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - Lobar pneumonia |
|
Definition
| affects one or more sections or lobes of a lung. double pneumonia means both lungs affected and is usually a form of bacterial pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - how many causes have been identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - what are the primary causes of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| bacteria, viruses, infectious agents such as fungi, and various chemicals |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - what is the one pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination? |
|
Definition
| bacterial (often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - what accounts for more than half of all pneumonias? |
|
Definition
| viruses (viral pneumonia) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - Aspiration pneumonia |
|
Definition
| can occur when a foreign substance (such as vomit) is inhaled into the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - Mycoplasma pneumonia - also known as? |
|
Definition
| walking pneumonia, a milder but longer last pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Pneumonia - Pnuemocystis carinii pneumonia |
|
Definition
| caused by an infection with the fungus Pneumocystis carnii. Opportunistic infection associated with HIV |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Interstitial Lung Diseases |
|
Definition
| a group of almost 200 diseases that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures (the interstitium) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Interstitial Lung Diseases - interstitial fibrosis |
|
Definition
| another name for the inflammation and thickening of the walls of the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Interstitial Lung Diseases - what are some of the causes? |
|
Definition
| rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus, environmental and occupational toxins, pet birds |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Environmental and Occupational Lung diseases - pneumoconiosis |
|
Definition
| an abnormal condition caused by years of exposure to dust, causes fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Environmental and Occupational Lung diseases - anthracosis - also known as? (2) |
|
Definition
| black lung disease, coal worker's pneumonconiosis, caused by exposure to coal dust |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Environmental and Occupational Lung diseases - asbestosis |
|
Definition
| caused by asbestos in the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Environmental and Occupational Lung diseases - Byssinosis, also known as? |
|
Definition
| brown lung disease, caused by inhaling cotton dust, textile industry |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lungs - Environmental and Occupational Lung diseases - Silicosis |
|
Definition
| caused by inhaling silica dust |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pulmonary Fibrosis |
|
Definition
| formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pulmonary Fibrosis - caused by? |
|
Definition
| autoimmune disorders, infections, dust, gases, toxins, and some drugs |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pulmonary Fibrosis - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Cystic Fibrosis - |
|
Definition
| genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of thick mucus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Cystic Fibrosis - treatments? |
|
Definition
| antibotics to control lung infections, daily physical therapies known as postural drainage and chest percussion to remove excess mucus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Cystic Fibrosis - affects what else? |
|
Definition
| the digestive system, digestive enzymes are used to aid digestion |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Eupnea |
|
Definition
| normal, good breathing, a baseline |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Tachypnea |
|
Definition
| abnormally rapid breathing, more than 20/minute |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| abnormally rapid and deep breathing results in a decrease in CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Hyperventilation Syndrome |
|
Definition
| repeated episodes of hyperventilation, causes sensation of not being able to get enough air - can be caused by anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Bradypnea |
|
Definition
| abnormally slow rate of respiration, less than 10/minut4 |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Apnea |
|
Definition
| the absense of spontaneous repiration |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Sleep apnea syndrome |
|
Definition
| a group of potentially fatal disorders wherein breathing stops during sleep long enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - snoring |
|
Definition
| caused by vibration of the soft palete during sleep, could be sign of sleep apnea |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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Definition
| (CHAYN-STOHKS) a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea followed by hyperpnea, or a respiratory pattern of alternating periods of rapid breathing, slow breathing, and the absence of breathing |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Dyspnea, also known as? |
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Definition
| shortness of breath, difficult or labored breathing, one of the first symptoms of heart failure |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Hyperpnea |
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Definition
| an increase in the depth and rate of respiratory movements |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Breathing Disorders - Hypopnea |
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Definition
| shallow or slow breathing |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - airway obstruction |
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Definition
| "Choking", emergency situation calling for the Heimlich maneuver |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Smoke Inhalation |
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Definition
| damage to the lungs wherein particles from a fire coat the aveoli and prevent normal gas exchange |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Respiratory Failure, also known as? |
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Definition
| respiratory acidosis, either too low oxygen or too much CO2 |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Anoxia |
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Definition
| absense of oxygen from the body's gases, blood or tissues. more than four to six minutes, irreversible brain damage can occur |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - altitude anoxia, also known as? |
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Definition
| altitude sickness, can occur over 8,000 feet |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Hypoxemia |
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Definition
| a condition of having below normal oxygen levels in the blood |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Hypoxia |
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Definition
| having below normal oxygen levels in the body cells and tissues, much less severe than anoxia |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Hypercapnia |
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Definition
| the abnormal buildup of CO2 in the blood |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Asphyxia |
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Definition
| life-threatening condition wherein the body cannot get the air it needs to function |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Asphyxiation, also known as? |
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Definition
| suffocation, an interuption of breathing resulting in ashpxia |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Asphyxiation - causes? |
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Definition
| airway obstruction, drowning, smothering, choking, or inhalation of CO2 |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Cyanosis |
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Definition
| a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen |
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Term
| Pathology of the Respiratory System - Lack of Oxygen - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, also known as (2)? |
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Definition
| SIDS or crib death, the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy infant between two weeks and one year, while sleeping |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiration, also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - pulse oximeter |
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Definition
| measures the blood saturation level, an instrument placed on the finger or earlobe. 95-100% are normal readings |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Spirometry |
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Definition
| a noninvasive procedure wherein a device measures airflow, length of time for each breath and air volume |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - peak flow meter |
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Definition
| handheld device often used to test asthmatics to measure how quickly they can expel air |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Pulmonary function tests |
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Definition
| a group of tests which measure the capcity of the lungs to hold air, their ability to move air in and to exchange oxygen and CO2 |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Phlegm |
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Definition
| thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory system |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - what is ejected (through the mouth) phlegm called? |
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Definition
| Sputum, can be examined for diagnostic purposes |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Polysomnography, also known as? |
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Definition
| sleep apnea study, measures physiological activity during sleep to detect nocturnal defects |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Bronchoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope (fiber optic, through the nose) |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Laryngoscopy |
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Definition
| visual examination of the larnyx using a laryngoscope |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - mirror laryngoscopy |
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Definition
| an angled mirror is placed at the back of the soft palate to examine the larynx |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Tuberculin skin testing |
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Definition
| a screening test for TB wherein the skin is injected with a harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - tuberculin tine test |
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Definition
| performed using an instrument with several small prongs or tines. A positive result indicates the possibility if exposure to the disease. |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Mantoux PPD skin test |
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Definition
| a more accurate test for TB. A very small amount of PPD (purified protein derivative) is injected just under the skin and inspected 48-72 hours later |
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Chest Imaging, also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnositic Procedures of the Respiratory System - Chest Imaging - can show what? |
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Definition
| pneumonia, lung tumors, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, TB and emphysema |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Medications - bronchodilator |
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Definition
| used at the first sign of an asthma attack, it expands the opening of the passages into the lungs |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Medications - metered dose inhaler |
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Definition
| mixes a single dose of medication with a puff of air and pushes it into the mouth |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Medications - nebulizer |
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Definition
| dispenses larger doses of medication in the form of a mist that is inhaled via a mask or mouthpiece |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Medications - antitussive |
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Definition
| to prevent or relieve coughing |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Nose and Throat - Septoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair or alteration of the nasal septem |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Nose and Throat - Functional endoscopic sinus surgery |
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Definition
| performed using an endoscope, chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Nose and Throat - Pharyngoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the pharnyx |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Nose and Throat - Pharyngotomy |
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Definition
| surigical incision into the pharynx |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Nose and Throat - Larynectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of the larynx |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Nose and Throat - Endotracheal intubation |
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Definition
| the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Trachea - Tracheoplasty |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the trachea |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Trachea - Tracheotomy |
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Definition
| an emergency and usually temporary procedure wherein an opening is created below a blockage into the trachea |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Trachea - Tracheostomy |
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Definition
| the creation of an opening into the trachea and placing a tube to facilitate the the passage of air or the removal of secretions, can be temporary or permanent |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura and Thorax - pneumonectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura and Thorax - Lobectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of a lobe of the lung, or a lobe of the liver, brain or thyroid gland |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura and Thorax - pleurectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of part of the pleura |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura and Thorax - Thoracentesis |
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Definition
| surgical puncture of the chest wall to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity, for diagnosistic purposes or to drain excess fluid from severe pleural effusion |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura and Thorax - Thoracotomy |
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Definition
| surgical incision through the chest wall |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura and Thorax - Thoracostomy |
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Definition
| surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity to establish drainage of empyema |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiratory Therapy - supplemental oxygen |
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Definition
| can be admisistered through a nasal cannula using rebreather mask or a nonrebreather mask |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiratory Therapy - Postural drainage |
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Definition
| patient's head is tilted up or chest down to allow gravity to help drain secretions from the lungs |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiratory Therapy - ventilator |
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Definition
| mechanical device for artificial ventilation of the lungs, used to replace or supplement patient's natural breathing |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiratory Therapy - respirator |
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Definition
| a machine used for prolonged artificial respiration |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiratory Therapy - positive pressure ventilation |
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Definition
| used to treat sleep apnea patients, pumps steady supply of air into the nose through a tube and mask |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System - Respiratory Therapy - diaphragmatic breathing, also known as? |
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Definition
| abdominal breathing, used as a relaxation technique to relieve anxiety |
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Term
Pathology of the Respiratory System - Pleural Cavity - Empyema, also known as?
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Definition
| pyothorax, the accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity |
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