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| Systems/Structures within society that shape the activities of groups and individuals. |
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| Stripped of voting right or other rights of citizenship, either temporarily or permanently, through economic, political, or legal means. |
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| System of government by and for a small number of elites that does not include representation of ordinary citizens. |
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| A system of political power in which a wide variety of individuals and groups have equal access to resources and mechanisms of power. |
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| Values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling because of the structure of the educational system and the teaching methods used. |
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| Any institutionalized system of shared beliefs and rituals that identify a relationship between the sacred and the profane. |
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| The regular practice of religious beliefs, often measured in terms of frequency of attendance at worship services and the importance of religious beliefs to an individual. |
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| Nonreligious; a secular society separates church and state and does not endorse any religion. |
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| A movement that aims to remedy environmental inequities such as threats to public health and the unequal treatment of certain communities with regard to ecological concerns. |
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| Any environmental policy or practice that negatively affects individuals, groups, or communities because of their race or ethnicity. |
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| The study of the interaction between society and the natural environment, including the social causes and consequences of environmental problems. |
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| Economic development that aims to reconcile global economic growth with environmental protection. |
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| Use of violence or criminal methods to protect the environment, often in high-profile, publicity-generating ways. |
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| Gradual increase in the earth's temperature, driven recently by an increase in greenhouse gases and other human activity. |
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| Term describing the operation of modern economic systems that require constant growth, which causes increased exploitation of resources and environmental degradation. |
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| An estimation of the land and water area required to produce all the goods and individual consumes and to assimilate all the wastes he or she generates. |
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| Transformation of the physical, social, economic, and cultural life of formerly working-class or poor inner-city neighborhoods into more affluent middle-class communities. |
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| The social dynamic wherein the more people there are present in a moment of crisis, the less likely any one of them is to take action. |
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| One of the earliest theories of collective action; suggested that individuals who joined a crowd or mob became "infected" by a mob mentality and lost in the ability to reason. |
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| A situation in which behavior that is rational for the individual can, when practiced by many people, lead to collective disaster. |
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| A particular type of social dilemma in which many individuals' over-exploitation of a public resource depletes or degrades that resource. |
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| A theory of social movements that assumes people join social movements not because of the movements' ideals, but to satisfy a psychological need to belong to something larger than themselves. |
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| Relative deprivation theory |
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| A theory of social movements that focuses on the actions of oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in the society. |
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| Regressive social movements |
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| Term describing resistance to a particular social changes, efforts to maintain the status quo, or attempts to re-establish an earlier form of social order. |
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| The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another. |
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| The process by which cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar. |
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| The cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. |
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| A term encompassing the forms of social organization that characterize industrialized societies, including the decline of tradition, an increase in individualism, and a belief in progress, technology, and science. |
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| Purchase shares, don't pay for them. |
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| An organized collection of people who seek to influence political decisions |
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