Term
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Definition
| Arose 440mya when there was abundant C02, light, and space. The production of oxygen from terrestrial plants allowed animals to move onto land. |
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| Common Features of Plants and Algae |
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Definition
Chlorophylls a and b.
Cellulose in dell walls.
Eucaryotic. |
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| Similarities Between Plants and Charophytes. |
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Definition
Rosette cellulose synthesizing centers.
Peroxixomal enzymes.
Flagellated sperm.
Phragmoplastsin cytokinesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect charophyte zygotes from dehydration (similar substance protects plant spores). |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used for plants since the multicellular embryos are retained and nourished by female. |
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Definition
| Give nourishment to embryo. |
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Term
| Unique Characteristics in Plants |
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Definition
Alternation of generations.
Walled spores in sporangia.
Gametes in gametangia.
Presence of apical meristems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Female gametangia (contains eggs). |
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Term
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Definition
| Male gametangia (contains sperm). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Region of cells at the tip of the roots and shoots that grows very quickly. |
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Term
| Unique Characteristics of Land Plants |
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Definition
A waxy cuticle reduces water loss.
Have partnerships with fungi (eg. Mycorrhizae).
Secondary metabolites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals that are produced during metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary metabolites that come from legumes and spinach. Are flavor additives and lower cholesterol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary metabolites that come from mustard, cabbage, and radish. Are flavor additives and inhibit development of cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary metabolites that are flavor additives (eg. menthol) and decrease risk of cancer, |
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Term
| Categories of Land Plants |
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Definition
Non-vascular plants (bryophytes).
Vascular plants
-Seedless vascular plants.
-Seed plants. |
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Term
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Definition
Gametophyte is the dominant form, sporophyte is only present for a short time.
Three Phyla:
Hepatophyta (liverworts).
Anthocerophyta (hornwarts)
Bryophyta (mosses). |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest fossil evidence is 430myo. Have an internal vascular system that provides support and transports water and nutrients. Dominant form is sporophyte. Early vascular plants had branched sporophytes, allowing for multiple sporangia.
Two Phyla:
Lycophyta
Pterophyta |
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Term
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Definition
Seedless Vascular Plants
Quillworts, spike mosses, club mosses. 1200 living species, most are small and many grow on trees. Leaves are microphylls. |
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Term
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Definition
Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns and horsetails. 12,000 living species that are globally distributed. Leaves are megaphylls. |
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Term
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Definition
| A filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus of some lower plants (mosses and liverworts). |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure that ferns have instead of leaves. They have sori on there underside that contain sporangium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of dead tubular cells (tracheids) with lignin. Transports water and nutrients up from the roots. |
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Definition
| Composed of living cells. Transports sugars from leaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organic polymer that makes the cells rigid and woody. Allowed roots to penetrate the soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves that are needle-shaped with a central vein. They originated from sporangia on the side of the plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves that are flat with a branched system of veins. They originated from the fusion of branches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves that evolved to bear sporangia (eg. fronds). |
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Term
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Definition
| Seedless vascular plant that only produces one type of spore. Spore develops into a hermaphrodite. Most Seedless vascular plants are homosporous |
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Term
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Definition
| Seedless vascular plant that produces two types of spores. Megasporangia produce megaspores that develop into female gametophytes, and microsporagia produce microspores that develop into male gametophytes. |
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Term
| Plant Facts (just in case you cared) |
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Definition
| Development of leaves and roots allowed plants to grow larger. This increased photosynthetic activity which increased oxygen and led to an 80% drop in CO2. Reduction of CO2 resulted in a global temperature drop which caused glacier formation and the destruction of forests. The trees were compressed by layers of sediment to form coal. |
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