Term
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Definition
| Multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Brophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
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Term
| Groups of Vascular Plants |
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Definition
| Seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
| Gymnosperms and angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
| The most similar algae to land plants |
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Term
| Common Traits of land plants and Charophysean green algae |
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Definition
| Peroxisome enzymes, rosette cellulose, sperm structures,and phragmoplast |
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Term
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Definition
| Are arranged in a flowering array in the plasma membrane in plants and Charophysean green algae. They are responsible for synthesizing cellulose. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pre-cursor of the cell-plate that forms during mitosis |
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Term
| Characteristics of Land Plants that are not similar to Charophysean Green Algae |
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Definition
| Apical meristems, alternation of generations, multicellular gametangia, multicellular embryos, and walled spores |
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Term
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Definition
1. Found at the tip of the roots and shoot where cell division occurs
2. Responsible for elongation (primary growth) |
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Term
| Alternation of generations |
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Definition
| During life cycle it alternates between gametophyte (1N) and sporophyte (2N) |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces sperm in male plants |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces eggs in female plants |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Form habitats for other organisms in forests and wetlands
2. Carbon reservoir
3. 3 Phyla
4. Nonvascular and seedless |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where fertilization occurs in bryophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| The diploid zygote of bryophytes turns into an embryo which turns into this... |
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Term
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Definition
| Are eventually formed from spores |
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Term
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Definition
| The dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Function to attach the gametophyte to the soil. They are not roots and do not contain vascular tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Forms coal
2. 2 Phyla
3. Contain vascular tissue
4. Have roots |
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Term
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Definition
| Contained within the walls of xylem |
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of sporangia on the underside of seedless vascular plant leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| The dominant phase of the life cycle of ferns |
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Term
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Definition
| An adaptation for surviving that can undergo dormant periods |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitate transfer of sperm in terrestrial habitats; formed by microspores |
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Term
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Definition
1. 4 Phyla
2. Contains Phylum Coniferophyta |
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Term
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Definition
1. The most abundant gymnosperms
2. Have needles or scales that help to prevent water loss
3. Tallest and oldest organisms
4. Pine, cedar, spruce, and fir |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reproductive structures of pines |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Female cones that contain scales |
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Term
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Definition
| Contained within male cones |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in microsporanigia and produce 4 microspores via meiosis (1N) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two of these are found in each scale and are composed of spore-producing megasporangium |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain megasporocytes and is surrounded by a protective coat called a microphyle |
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Term
| Germination of pollen grain |
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Definition
| When pollen grain reaches microphyle and divides to form male gametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
1. Most diverse and widespread land plant
2. 1 Phylum
3. The 1 Phylum contains several clades |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of organisms thought to be derived from a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
1. 1 cotyledon
2. Paralleled veins in leaves
3. Fibrous |
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Term
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Definition
1. 2 cotyledons
2. Veins in leaves are netlike
3. Has a taproot |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural adaptations involved in reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Surround the flower petals |
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Term
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Definition
1. Modified leaves of flowers
2. Colored to attract pollinators
3. Drab in angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
1. Male reproductive organ of angiosperms
2. Contains the filament and the anther |
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Term
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Definition
1. Female reproductive organ in angiosperms
2. Contains the stigma, style, and ovary |
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Term
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Definition
| Has an outer wall and contains ovules on the inside |
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Term
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Definition
| The mature ovary of angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
1. Non-seed part of fruit
2. Protects the seed
3. Aids in Dispersal |
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Term
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Definition
| Mature phase of angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
| The female gametophyte of angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
| When pollen grains reach the stigma |
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Term
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Definition
| What the tube cell becomes after elongation |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of the coat, endosperm, and embryo |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Roots
2. Stems
3. Leaves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of stems and leaves |
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Term
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Definition
1. Subterranean
2. Lack chlorophyll
3. Anchor plants to the ground
4. Absorb water and minerals
5. Storage site for food |
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Term
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Definition
1. Shallow roots
2. Web or mat-like
3. Generally present in monocots |
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Term
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Definition
1. Has a taproot
2. Has lateral branch roots
3. Generally found in eudicots |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Absorb most of the water and minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of nodes and internodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the leaves are attached to the stem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Apical Buds or Terminal Buds |
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Definition
| Where growth of the stem occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Located at the angle between the stem and leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of a blade and a petiole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The blade is divided into leaflets |
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Term
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Definition
| The blade is divided into leaflets which are further subdivided |
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Term
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Definition
1. Dermal tissue
2. Ground tissue
3. Vascular tissue |
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Term
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Definition
1. Has a layer of epidermal cells
2. It protects the underlying tissues
3. Specialized functions depend on location |
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Term
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Definition
1. Involved in transport between the roots and shoot system
2. 2 Types: Xylem and Phloem |
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Term
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Definition
1. Transports water and minerals upward in roots and shoots
2. Contains fiber cells, tracheids, and vessel elements |
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Term
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Definition
1. Transports sugars and other organic nutrients up or down
2. Composed of sieve tube elements |
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Term
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Definition
| Are spindle-shaped and connected by pits |
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Term
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Definition
| Wider and shorter than tracheids; connected by perforations (no cell wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| Connect sieve tube elements |
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Term
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Definition
1. Associated with sieve tube elements
2. Carry out transcription and translation for the sieve tube elements |
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Term
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Definition
1. Where photosynthesis takes place
2. Used for storage
3. Support the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| Outermost and found in all plant cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Inside the primary cell wall and not present in all plant cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. Bounded by a membrane called a tonoplast
2. A storage depot for pigments and chemicals
3. Water in it helps maintain turgor |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything interior to the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
1. Channels between plant cells
2. Connects the protoplasts of 2 cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. Thin and flexible
2. Lack secondary cell wall
3. Perform the main metabolic function in plants
4. Some have organelles for starch storage |
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Term
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Definition
1. Grouped in strand or cylinders
2. Flexible and living at maturity
3. Cell walls are thicker than those of parenchyma cells, but unevenly thickened
4. Lack secondary cell walls and do not have lignin in their primary cell walls
5. Often found just below the epidermis of young plants for support of the shoot |
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Term
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Definition
1. Occur in regions of the plant that have stopped growing
2. No elongation
3. Supporting elements
4. Thick secondary cell walls with lignin
5. Dead at functional maturity
6. 2 types: sclereids and fibers |
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Term
| Cells of Xylem (Water-Conduction Cells) |
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Definition
1. 2 types: tracheids and vessel elements
2. Tubular, elongated cells that are dead at functional maturity
3. Secondary walls are often interrupted by pits |
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Term
| Cells of Phloem (Sugar-Conducting Cells) |
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Definition
1. Alive at functional maturity
2. Composed of chains of cells called sieve tube elements in angiosperms
3. In the seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms- sieve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete their life cycle in 1 year |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete their life cycle in 2 years |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete their life cycle in more than 2 years |
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Term
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Definition
| Where plant growth occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of meristem present in woody plants |
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Term
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Definition
1. Columns of tissues that extend through the plant
2. Increase the girth (secondary growth) |
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Term
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Definition
| Derivative cell is displace here |
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Term
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Definition
| Area where cells from the zone of cell division are displaced |
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Term
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Definition
| The area where cells displaced from the zone of elongation are becoming more functionally mature |
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Term
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Definition
1. Forms during primary growth
2. Forms between xylem and phloem
3. Will produce secondary vascular tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Present in secondary xylem as a result of size differences in xylem cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces cork cells through mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| A waxy material in the cell walls of cork cells that protects the plant from evaporative water loss and from pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary and Primary Phloem + Cork Cambium + Cork |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary xylem that is no longer functional and is used mainly for structural support |
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Term
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Definition
| Younger secondary xylem that is still functional |
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Term
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Definition
1. The process by which water crosses the semi-permeable membrane in animal cells
2. Occurs from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
1. The concentration of solute is lower outside of the cell
2. Water moves into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
1. Solute concentration is lower inside the cell
2. Water moves out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Accounts for both solute concentration and physical pressure, and predicts a direction of water flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Is inversely proportional to solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Is directly proportional to physical pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Unit of measurement for water potential |
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Term
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Definition
| The water potentail of pure water |
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Term
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Definition
| The water potential of any 0.1 M solution of a solute |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The continuum of cell walls |
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Term
| 3 Possible Ways Water Can Move From One Cell to Another |
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Definition
1. Apoplastic Route
2. Symplastic Route
3. Transmembrane Route |
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Term
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Definition
| Ground tissue composed of parenchymal cells and endoderms |
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Term
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Definition
| Most water and minerals are transported via this route |
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Term
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Definition
| A strip of suberin in the cell walls of endodermal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| The water and minerals enter endodermal cells (corssing cell wall/membrane) and exit similarly to xylem |
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Term
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Definition
1. Transported from an area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration ("uphill")
2. Requires ATP hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Channels composed of proteins in the plasma membrane
2. Some are open all the time
3. Some are gated
4. Does not require ATP hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of one molecule down its concentration gradient coupled to movement of another molecule up its concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein channels in the plasma membrane by which water can cross |
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Term
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Definition
| Water and dissolve solutes |
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Term
| Transporation-Cohesion-Tension Mechanism |
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Definition
| Method for transporting xylem sap |
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Term
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Definition
| Found on the underside of leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaporative water loss from the inside to the outside |
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Term
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Definition
1. Causes the water molecules to resist the increase in surface area
2. Creates negative pressure
3. Decreases water potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Draws the water molecules to the wall of the xylem |
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Term
| Continuous Column of Water |
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Definition
| Transpirational pull is dependent on this |
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Term
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Definition
1. Driven by sunlight
2. No direct input of ATP |
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