Term
|
Definition
| the smallest structural unit of living matter function independently. |
|
|
Term
| when cells group together what do they form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is Extracellular Matrix? |
|
Definition
| gel-like substance and fiber |
|
|
Term
| what are Flat cells arranged in layers? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue is Enamel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 compositional parts of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
Abundance of cells
Basal lamina
underlying connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is the abundance of cells in the epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| closely packed epithelial cells that rest on connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the Basal lamina? |
|
Definition
| thin mat of extracellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| what does the basal lamina separate? |
|
Definition
| the epithelial cellular sheets from the connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| what does the underlying connective tissue do? |
|
Definition
| provides nourishment to the cells |
|
|
Term
| are there blood vessels in the epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process that makes the surface epithelial cells tough and resistant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do Keratinized epithelial cells have a nuclei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what parts of the body are most heavily keratinized? |
|
Definition
| the palms of hands and soles of feet |
|
|
Term
| Do NonKeratinized epithelial cells have a nuclei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the mechanical action of nonkeratinized epithelial cells? |
|
Definition
| to cushion mechanical stress and wear |
|
|
Term
| what type of cells are softer and more flexible, Keratinized or NonKeratinized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is nonkeratinized epithelial cells found? |
|
Definition
| in the mucosal lining of cheeks |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a epithelial cell junction? |
|
Definition
| to bind cells together for a stronger structural unit |
|
|
Term
| What epithelium will have the most number of cell junctions? |
|
Definition
| the ones who withstand sever mechanical stresses |
|
|
Term
| what connects two adjacent epithelial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what connects epithelial cells to basal lamina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what two types of cell junctions are found in the gingival epithelium? |
|
Definition
| Desomosomes and Hemidesmosomes |
|
|
Term
| What tissue fills spaces between tissues and body organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are the cells arranged in connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| sparsely distributed in matrix |
|
|
Term
| what is the main component in matrix? |
|
Definition
| gel like substance with a network of strong fibers. |
|
|
Term
| what builds extracellular matrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue are the dental tissues, cementum, dentin and pulp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name seven examples of types of connective tissue found in the body..? |
|
Definition
Loose connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Bone Marrow
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Fat |
|
|
Term
| what are the two shapes epithelial connective tissue boundary can take on? |
|
Definition
| Boundary can be smooth or wavy |
|
|
Term
| What is, deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the finger like connective tissue extensions reach up to epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mounds of tissue that separate the Tete Pegs? |
|
Definition
| Connective tissue papillae |
|
|
Term
| What do the wavy boundaries help with? |
|
Definition
| help increase surface area and allows for more nourishment opportunity |
|
|
Term
| what does a wavy boundary do to the junctions? |
|
Definition
| allows stronger junctions where the skin can resist mechanical forces. |
|
|
Term
| What type of epithelium is the gingiva? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| when does gingival epithelium function best? |
|
Definition
| in a wet environment of oral cavity |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 anatomical areas of the gingival epithelium? |
|
Definition
Oral epithelium
Sulcular Epithelium
Junctional Epithelium (JE) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms the base of the sulcus, at just above the CEJ |
|
|
Term
| where is sulcular epithelium located? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial lining of gingival sulcus |
|
|
Term
| where is the oral epithelium? |
|
Definition
| covers outer surface of free gingiva and attached gingiva |
|
|
Term
| is the oral epithelium wavy or smooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral Epithelium Keratinized or nonkeratinized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulcular epithelium wavy or smooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulcular epithelium keratinized or nonkeratinized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue extends from crest of gingival margin to mucogingival junction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue extends from crest of gingival margin to coronal edge of junctional epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which oral epithelium is a thin, nonkeratinized, smooth connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Sulcular epithelium and/or Junctional Epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joins the gingiva to tooth |
|
|
Term
| how many cells thick is the JE in the coronal zone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many cells thick is the JE in the apical zone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the easiest point of entry for bacteria to invade connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| the Junctional Epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What 2 gingival epithelium are very similar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cell renewal time for JE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cell renewal for gingiva? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cell renewal time for the palate, tongue and cheek? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the JE many or few layers? |
|
Definition
| many layers of closely packed epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Is the JE keratinized or nonkeratinized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what holds the adjacent epithelial cells together in the JE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when/where is an epithelial seal formed? |
|
Definition
| where an erupting tooth penetrates the epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of junctional epithelium? |
|
Definition
internal basal lamina
external basal lamina |
|
|
Term
| what is the thin layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the tooth & epithelial cells of the JE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the thin layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the epithelial cells of JE and gingival connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Dental pellicle? |
|
Definition
| membrane that lies between tooth and internal basal lamina. |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the dental pellicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does the dental pellicle form? |
|
Definition
| during late stages of tooth eruption |
|
|
Term
| what is a very important attachment that can determine health or disease? |
|
Definition
| the junctional epithelium attachment to tooth |
|
|
Term
| What provides the attachment for the JE to the tooth surface? |
|
Definition
| hemidesmosomes and the internal lamina dura |
|
|
Term
| can the cells of the JE move along the tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the attachment of the JE to the tooth provide? |
|
Definition
| a seal at the base of the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket. |
|
|
Term
| If stimulated by bacteria what might happen to the JE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what holds the attachment to underlying gingival connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| hemidesmosomes and external basal lamina |
|
|
Term
| what type of interface (attachment) does healthy JE have with Connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| has a smooth tissue interface (attachment) |
|
|
Term
| What does the attachment between the underlying gingival connective tissue provide? |
|
Definition
| A protective barrier between plaque biofilm and connective tissue of underlying gingiva. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of gingival connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| provide firmness and resiliency to gingiva & attaches gingiva to the cementum and alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the cells found in gingival connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Fibroblasts, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the extracellular matrix of the gingival connective tissue mostly made of? |
|
Definition
Protein fibers (collagen)- 55%-65%
gel like matrix -30%-35% |
|
|
Term
| What are the rope like collagen fiber bundles located coronal to alveolar crest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are a few other names for the gingival fibers? (4) |
|
Definition
1. gingival fiber bundles
2. Supragingival fiber bundles
3. Supracrestal connective tissue fibers
4. Gingival connective tissue attachement |
|
|
Term
| What type of fiber ='s strength? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are these fiber bundles? |
|
Definition
| embedded in extracellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| The fiber bundles strengthen what? |
|
Definition
| the JE attachment to the tooth |
|
|
Term
| What is the Denotogingival Unit? |
|
Definition
| provides structural support to gingival tissues |
|
|
Term
| what two things make up the Dentogingival Unit? |
|
Definition
| Junctional Epithelium + Gingival Fibers = Dentogingival Unit |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the fiber bundles? |
|
Definition
| support free gingiva firmly against the tooth |
|
|
Term
| what reinforces attachment of JE to tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what mechanical function do the fiber bundles do? |
|
Definition
| provide free gingiva firmness to withstand chewing forces |
|
|
Term
| what 3 things do fiber bundles connect? |
|
Definition
| gingiva to cementum of root and bone |
|
|
Term
| What do the fiber bundles do to the teeth in the arch? |
|
Definition
| they connect adjacent teeth to each other |
|
|
Term
| What are the 9 Gingival Fiber Groups? |
|
Definition
1. Alveologingival
2. Circular
3. Dentogingival
4. Periostogingival
5. Intergingival
6. Intercircular
7. Interpapillary
8. Transgingival
9. Transseptal |
|
|
Term
| Which gingival fiber group, extend from periosteum of alveolar crest into gingival connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which fiber bundle group, encircles the tooth in a ring-like manner coronal to alveolar crest & is not attached to the cementum of the tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundles attach gingiva to bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber bundles connect adjacent teeth to each other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundle group, is embedded in cementum near CEJ, fan out into gingival connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundle group, extend laterally from periosteum of alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Fibers act to attach gingiva to teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers attach gingiva to bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber bundle group, extend in a mesiodistal direction along entire dental arch and around last molars in arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundle group, encircle several teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Fiber bundles like adjacent teeth into dental arch unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber groups like adjacent teeth into a dental arch unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundle group, located in papillae coronal to transseptal fiber bundles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundle group, extend from cementum near the CEJ and run horizontally between adjacent teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Fiber groups connect oral and vestibular interdental papillae of posterior teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber bundles link adjacent teeth into a dental arch unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber bundle group, pass from cementum of one tooth over the crest of alveolar bone to cementum of adjacent tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Fiber bundles connect adjacent teeth to one another and secure alignment of teeth in arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Biologic Width? |
|
Definition
| The portion of tooth surface covered by JE and Connective tissue, including supracrestal fiber bundles. |
|
|
Term
| what is the length of the junctional epithelium (biologic width)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how big is the vertical space taken up by gingival fiber groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the total Biologic width? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can result if restorative procedures are done to the biologic width? |
|
Definition
| results in inflammation, can be chronic inflammation even in a area reasonably free of plaque biofilm. |
|
|
Term
| what is the significance of a biologic width? |
|
Definition
when designing dental restorations and crowns
(margin of dental material must never be placed where it invades the biologic width, this can cause bone loss) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Periodontal Ligament? |
|
Definition
| this sheet of fibrous connective tissue joining the cementum with bony socket wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tooth and bony wall of tooth socket. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 components of the PDL? |
|
Definition
cells
extracellular matrix
blood vessels
nerve supply |
|
|
Term
| what type of cells are in the PDL? |
|
Definition
All building cells:
1. Fibroblasts- make collagen and collagenase
2. Cementoblasts- make cementum
3. Osteoblasts- make bone |
|
|
Term
| In a healthy mouth what/where does the PDL occupy? |
|
Definition
| surrounds entire tooth root and fills space between root and bony tooth socket |
|
|
Term
| what determines the thickness of the PDL? |
|
Definition
| varies by age and function |
|
|
Term
| what should the PDL look like on a radiograph? |
|
Definition
| should be an even radiolucency around the root |
|
|
Term
| what attaches tooth to bony socket, suspending the tooth so it does not grind on bone during chewing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the PDL transmits? |
|
Definition
| Tactile pressure and pain sensations |
|
|
Term
| Does the PDL have a blood supply? |
|
Definition
| Yes, it is supplied with blood vessels that provide nutrients to cementum and bone. |
|
|
Term
| what does the PDL contain that can continue to produce more of itself throughout the life of the tooth? |
|
Definition
| Cementoblasts producing cementum |
|
|
Term
| What does the PDL contain that can resorb the bone and cementum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the Periodontal Ligament Fibers do? |
|
Definition
| they connect the anatomical toot to the alveolar bone? |
|
|
Term
| How many periodontal ligament fibers are there? and what are they? |
|
Definition
There are 5:
1. Alveolar crest
2. horizontal
3. Oblique
4. Apical
5. Interradicular |
|
|
Term
| PDL Fiber, that extends from cervical cementum downward in diagonal direction to alveolar crest? |
|
Definition
| Alveolar Crest fiber group |
|
|
Term
| PDL fiber, located apical to alveolar crest fibers, extend from cementum to bone at RT angles to long axis of root. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PDL fiber, located apical to horizontal group, extend from cementum to the bone running diagonally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber group resists horizontal tooth movements? |
|
Definition
| Alveolar crest fiber group |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest group of PDL fiber bundles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiber group resists horizontal pressure against crown of tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber group resists vertical pressures that threaten to push the root into socket? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PDL fiber, extend from apex of tooth to bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PDL fiber, extends from cementum in furcation area of tooth to interradicular septum of alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
| Interradicular fiber group |
|
|
Term
| what fiber group secures tooth in its socket and resists forces that might lift the tooth from its socket? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fiber group is only on multirooted teeth, it stabilizes the tooth in socket? |
|
Definition
| Interradicular Fiber Group |
|
|
Term
| Do PDL Fibers regenerate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are sharpey's fibers? |
|
Definition
| the ends of PDL fibers that are embedded in cementum and alveolar bone. |
|
|
Term
| When does the attachment of sharpey's fiber bundles occur? |
|
Definition
| when cementum and bone are forming |
|
|
Term
| How does the sharpey's fibers get into the cementum and alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
| as cementum and bone form the tissue hardens around ends of sharpey's fibers surrounding them with cementum or bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calcified layer of connective tissue that covers anatomical root of tooth |
|
|
Term
| What seals and covers open dentinal tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of cementum? |
|
Definition
-protect dentin
-attaches periodontal fibers to tooth
- helps compensate for loos of tooth tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of Cementum? |
|
Definition
Organic matrix
mineralized portion
no blood vessels
no nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is in the organic matrix of cementum? |
|
Definition
| Densely packed collagen fibers held together with gel matrix. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of cementum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is Acellular cementum formed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Acellular cementum contain cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is Acellular cementum located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is acellular cementum the thinnest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does the body make more acellular cementum throughout the life of the tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is cellular cementum formed? |
|
Definition
| formed after tooth eruption |
|
|
Term
| what is contained within mineralized tissue of cellular cementum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is cellular cementum located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is cellular cementum made? |
|
Definition
| deposited at intervals throughout the life of the tooth. |
|
|
Term
| what is it called when the cementum overlaps the enamel? at what % is it called this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when the cementum meets the enamel? at what % is it called this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when there is a small gap between the cementum and the enamel? at what % is it called this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone of upper or lower jaw that surrounds and supports the roots of teeth. |
|
|
Term
| what is alveolar bone made of? |
|
Definition
| mineralized connective tissue made by osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
| why is alveolar bone ridged? |
|
Definition
| because of deposit of calcium salts in extracellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| does the alveolar bone have a blood supply and nerves? |
|
Definition
| yes it has blood vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| when does the bone change? |
|
Definition
| it is constantly undergoing periods of formation and resorption. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 cell components of alveolar Bone? |
|
Definition
| osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell that initiates mineralization of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it removes mineralized material and organic matrix (break down) |
|
|
Term
| what are the other 3 components of alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
1. extracellular matrix
2. blood and lymph vessels
3. Nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is in the extracellular matrix in alveolar bone? |
|
Definition
-collagen fibers and gel like matrix that makes it strong
-Mineralized portion by depositing mineral salt hydroxyapatite. |
|
|
