Term
| What is the purpose of association fibers in the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Association fibers connect gyrus to gyrus and lobe to lobe "to share information and come up with a better idea" |
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Term
| What is the function of commissural fibers in the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
They connect the two cerebral hemispheres (i.e. corpus callosum) |
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Term
Where are the sensory regions of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
The post central gyrus (Brodman's Area) is the primary sensory receptive area. |
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Term
| Where is the visual processing center in the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
It is in the region of the calcarine fissure -Occipital Lobe |
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Term
| Where is the auditory region of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| It is located along the anterior transverse gyrus of the temporal lobe. |
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Term
| What is the function of the parietal association area? |
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Definition
It is located btwn teh somatosensory and visual areas. It acts to integrate info from both areas before sending a signal to the premotor and motor areas. |
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Term
| What are the three primary areas of audition and their functions |
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Definition
1. Broca's Area -Generate Speech 2. Wernicke's Area Recognize speech patterns 3. Intervening Area (parietal operculum) -connects Broca's and Wernicke's |
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Term
| What is the function of the prefrontal cortex? |
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Definition
Abstract Thinking foresight mature judgement tactfulness NOT INTELLIGENCE |
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Term
| What happens with injury to the prefrontal cortex? |
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Definition
Diminished sense of responsibility Slovenliness Vulgarity of Speech Clownish behavior Lack of judgement, insight, and future impact of decisions. |
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Term
Define basal ganglia and their function. |
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Definition
Interconnected nuclei that influence motor function via feedback to cortex. Input from cortex, send to thalamus, thalamus processes it, sends it back to motor cortex. It is the "TESTING CIRCUIT" -initiates voluntary movements and posture |
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Term
| What structure runs between the basal ganglia and also between the BG and thalamus? |
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Definition
| The internal capsule (circuitry) |
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Term
| What is the another name for the cerebellum and decribe its anatomy. |
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Definition
It is called the "little brain" and is important to smooth motor functions Consists of median located vermis and two lateral cerebellar hemispheres. Three paired peduncles (nerve fiber tracts) connect cerebellum to brainstem. |
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
Affects ALL voluntary contractions! Facilitates movements -Posture and Balance -Sequential movements -Rapidly alternating repetitive movements -Smooth Movements -Sense acceleration SITE OF MOTOR LEARNING! |
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Term
| Where is the the limbic system located? |
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Definition
Located in the VERY CORE of the brain Borders the brainstem and corpus callosum |
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Term
What is the function of the limbic system and what are its two primary centers? |
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Definition
Limbic system influences ANS via hypothalamus Pleasure and reward mechanisms 1. Hippocampus -Short term memory and navigation 2. Amygdala -memory and emotional reactions |
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Term
| Name some autonomic functions that the limbic system has an influence on. |
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Definition
It works through the thalamus! (Body maintenance area!) Respiration, circulation, digestive tract, pupil dilation, muscle tone |
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Term
Does the limbic system have an effect on behavior? |
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Definition
ABSOLUTELY YES! "Just about every behavior and or psychological function has been shown to be affected!" Agressive reactions, complex behaviors, arousal, fear/rage, anxiety, sexuality. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the hippocampus? |
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Definition
Very important in memory -events, objects, words, etc. Not necessarily long-term Makes cognitive map of surrounds, makes a COLLECTIVE MEMORY of everything |
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Term
| What types of fibers does the autonomic system consist of? |
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Definition
GVE (motor and secretomotor)! GVA (sensory) TWO NEURON SYSTEM! |
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Term
| Where do parasympathetic nerves originate? What about sympathetic? |
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Definition
Parasympathetic are cranial and sacral. Sympathetic are thoracic and lumbar |
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Term
| Where is the preganglionic cells bodies located for the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
| In the intermediolaterial cell column |
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Term
| What are preganglionic sympathetic fibers that supply the abdomenal viscera called? |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to the sympathetic nervous system, what are white and gray rami referring to? |
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Definition
White rami are preganglionic fibers (haven't gotten dirty yet) Grey rami are postganglionic fibers (dirty) |
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Term
| What brainstem nuclei is associated with PS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four primary nuclei in the brain that deal with the parasympathetic system? |
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Definition
CN III - Edinger Westphal N.-Cillary Ganglion-pupils CN VII-Superior Salivatory N.-Pterygopalantine and submandibular ganglion-lacrimal and palatal glands as well as submandibular and sublingual glands CN IX-Inferior Salivatory-Otic ganglion-parotid gland CN X-Dorsal motor N.-Multiple Ganglion-glands and smooth muscle. |
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Term
| Describe the central control for ANS |
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Definition
Hypothalamus-main control center for ANS -Self preservation -Bodily Maintenance -Influenced by limbic system, temp, chemicals Reticular Formation The whole hypothalamus-limbic system connection |
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Term
| What are some functions of the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
water balance body temp regulation appetite and satiety feeding and digestion endocrine balance sleep bio-rhythms behavior and emotion |
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Term
| Explore the reticular formation! |
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Definition
Forms core of brainstem -CLUSTER OF INTERCONNECTED NEURONS IN B.S. "Thin Net" Involves almost everything brainstem, hypothalamus, and cortex related. Recieves input and gives output to WHOLE BODY |
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Term
| What are the functions of the reticular formation? |
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Definition
INTEGRATES CRANIAL NERVE REFLEXES Activates cerebral cortex! -When something startles you when you are studying this alerts your cerebral cortex. Also Sleep, circulation, consciousness, and attention. |
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