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The nervous System
9.1 intro
40
Nursing
Graduate
09/13/2014

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Term
WHAT IS A NEURON?
Definition
MASSES OF NERVE CELLS THAT TRANSMIT INFORMATION TO OTHER NERVES, TISSUES, OR CELLS (NERVE IMPULSES).
Term
WHAT 3 PARTS CONSIST OF A NEURON?
Definition
CELL BODY, DENDRITES, AND AXONS
Term
WHAT IS THE CELL BODY?
Definition
CONTAINS THE NUCLEUS AND 2 EXTENSIONS.
Term
WHAT IS A DENDRITE?
Definition
SHORTER, MORE NUMEROUS, RECEIVE INFORMATION. THESE, ALONG WITH THE CELL BODY, FORM THE RECEPTIVE SURFACES OF NEURONS.
Term
WHAT IS AN AXON?
Definition
SINGLE, LONG FIBER WHICH CONDUCTS IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY. SOMETIMES IT IS "BRANCHED" (COLLATERALS). END HAS MANY FINE BRANCHES.
Term
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS. WHAT ARE THEY? HOW MANY PAIRS OF NERVES DOES EACH ONE CONSIST OF?
Definition
CNS (BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD) AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PERIPHERAL NERVES THROUGH THE BODY) INCLUDES 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES AND 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES.
Term
WHAT ARE THE 3 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
Definition
SENSORY FUNCTION, INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION, AND MOTOR FUNCTION
Term
WHAT DOES SENSORY FUNCTION DO?
Definition
GATHERS INFO ABOUT CHANGES OCCURRING WITHIN AND AROUND THE BODY. SENSORY RECEPTORS, AT ENDS OF PERIPHERAL NERVES SEND SIGNALS (NERVE IMPULSES) TO THE CNS. SENSORY NEURON.
Term
WHAT DOES A MOTOR FUNCTION DO?
Definition
RESPONSES TO SIGNALES (IMPULSES). SIGNALS SENT FROM THE CNS TO EFFECTORS (MUSCLES OR GLANDS). THE GOAL IS USUALLY TO MAINTAIN STABLE CONDITIONS (ESPECIALLY INTERNAL)-HOMEOSTASIS. MOTOR NEURONS.
Term
WHAT DOES INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION DO?
Definition
INFORMATION IS "BROUGHT TOGETHER," INTERPRETED, TO CREATE SENSATIONS, CREATE THOUGHTS, ADD TO MEMORY, MAKE DECISIONS, ETC. ASSOCIATION NEURON OR INTERNEURON.
Term
THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS LOCATED WHERE?
Definition
SKELETAL MUSCLES. THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS VOLUNTARY
Term
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS LOCATED WHERE?
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLES, GLANDS. THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS INVOLUNTARY
Term
WHAT IS A NEUROGLIAL CELL?
Definition
IT IS A SUPPOERTIVE TISSUE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. (MORE NUMEROUS THAN NEURONS. THERE ARE 5 TYPES.
Term
WHAT IS A MICROGLIAL CELL?
Definition
THESE CELLS ARE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT. DIGEST DEBRIS AND BACTERIA. MICROGLIAL CELLS RESPOND TO IMMUNOLOGICAL ALARMS.
Term
WHAT IS AN OLIGODENDROCYTE?
Definition
IT MAKES THE MYELIN SHEATH THAT PROVIDES INSULATION AROUND THE AXONS. THEY MYELINATE THE AXONS OF THE CNS.
Term
WHAT IS AN ASTROCYTE?
Definition
CONNECT BLOOD VESSELS TO NEURONS.
Term
WHAT IS AN EPENDYMAL CELL?
Definition
FORMS A MEMBRANE THAT COVERS BRAIN LIKE PARTS.
Term
WHAT IS SCWANN CELLS?
Definition
FORM THE INSULATING MYELIN SHEATH AROUNS NEURONS. SCWANN CELLS PROVIDE THE MYELIN FOR PERIPHERAL NEURONS.
Term
WHAT IS A CHROMATOPHILIC SUBSTANCE?
Definition
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Term
WHAT ARE NODES OF RANVIER?
Definition
GAPS IN THE INSULATION.
Term
WHAT DOES WHITE MATTER VS GREY MATTER MEAN?
Definition
WHITE MATTER IS MYELINATED. GREY MATTER IS UNMYELINATED.
Term
WHAT SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE NEURON?
Definition
1) LONGEVITY-CAN LIVE AND FUNCTION FOR A LIFETIME. 2) DO NOT DIVIDE. FETAL NEURONS LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO UNDERGO MITOSIS. 3)HIGH METABOLIC RATE. REQUIRES LIGH LEVELS OF OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE. THE NERVE FIBERS OF NEWBORNS ARE UNMYELINATED. THIS CAUSES THEIR RESPONSES TO STIMULI TO BE COUSE AND SOMETIMES INVOLVE THE WHOLE BODY.
Term
NEURONS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO WHAT 2 GROUPS?
Definition
FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL
Term
WHAT 3 COMPONENTS ARE THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL?
Definition
FUNCTIONAL CONSISTS OF SENSORY NEURONS, MOTOR NEURONS, AND INTERNEURONS. STRUCTURAL NEURONS CONSIST OF MULTIPOLAR, BIPOLAR, AND UNIPOLAR NEURONS.
Term
DESCRIBE THE NEURON CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL.
Definition
1) NEURON MEMBRANE MAINTAINS RESTING POTENTIAL. 2) THRESHOLD STIMULUS IS RECEIVED. 3) SODIUM CHANNELS OPEN 4) SODIUM IONS DIFFUSE INWARD, DEPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE 5) POTASSIUM CHANNELS OPEN 6) POTASSIUM IONS DIFFUSE OUTWARD, REPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE 7) THE RESULTING ACTION POTENTIAL CAUSES A LOCAL BIOELECTRIC CURRENT THAT STIMULATES ADJACENT PORTIONS OF THE MEMBRANE 8) WAVE OF ACTION POTENTIALS TRAVEL THE LENGTH OF THE AXON AS A NERVE IMPULSE
Term
WHAT IS A NERVE IMPULSE?
Definition
PROPAGATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS ALONG A NERVE AXON. IT IS A WEAK ELECTRICAL CURRENT
Term
WHAT IS AN IMPULSE CONDUCTION?
Definition
SPEED OF AN IMPULSE PROPORTIONATE TO DIAMTER OF AXON. (GREATER DIAMTER=FASTER IMPULSE). MYELINATED AXONS CONDUCT FASTER THAN UNMYELINATED AXONS.
Term
WHAT IS A SYNAPSE?
Definition
THE JUNCTION BETWEEN 2 COMMUNICATING NEURONS.
Term
WHERE DOES NERVE PATHWAYS TRAVEL?
Definition
NERVE IMPULSE TRAVELS FROM NEURON TO NEURON
Term
DESCRIBE THE AREAS OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION.
Definition
DENDRITES, CELL BODY, AXONS, SYNAPSE (GAP). TO COMPLETE THE SIGNAL, A NEUROTRANSMITTER IS RELEASED AT THE GAP TO SIGNAL THE NEXT NEURON.
Term
DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXCITATOY AND INHIBITORY IN RELATION TO NEURONS.
Definition
EXCITATOY INCREASES MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, INCREASES CHANCE FOR THRESHOLD TO BE ACHIEVED. INHIBITORY DECREASES MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, DECREASE CHANCE FOR THRESHOLD TO BE ACHIEVED.
Term
WHAT DOES ACETYLCHOLINE NEUROTRANSMITTER DO?
Definition
STIMULATES MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Term
WHAT DOES MONOAMINES (NOREPINEPHRINE AND DOPAMINE) NEUROTRANSMITTERS DO?
Definition
SENSE OF FEELING GOOD, LOW LEVLES=DEPRESSION
Term
WHAT DOES SEROTONIN NEUROTRANSMITTER DO?
Definition
SLEEPINESS
Term
WHAT DOES ENDORPHINS (NEUROTRANSMITTER) DO?
Definition
REDUCE PAIN, INHIBIT RECEPTORS. PRODUCED DURING EXERCISE, EXCITEMENT, PAIN, LOVE. THEY RESEMBLE THE OPIOIDS IN THEIR ABILITIES TO PRODUCE A FEELING OF WELL BEING.
Term
ARE SYNAPSES HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DRUGS AND FATIGUE?
Definition
YES. EX. CURARE
Term
HOW DOES CURATE WORK?
Definition
POISON USED BY S. AMERICAN INDIANS. STOPS ACH FROM DEPOLARISING THE POST-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE. RESULTS IN PARALYSIS
Term
HOW DOES STRYCHNINE WORK?
Definition
STRYCHNINE AND SOME NERVE GASES INHIBIT OR DESTROY ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FORMATION. PROLONGS AND ENHANCES ANY STIMULUS. LEADS TO CONVULSTIONS, CONTRACTION OF MUSCLES UPON THE SLIGHTEST STIMULUS.
Term
WHAT SUBSTANES ANAESTHETISE NERVE FIBERS (INHIBITORY)?
Definition
COCAINE, MORPHINE, ALCOHOL, ETHER, AND CHLOROFORM
Term
DESCRIBE WHAT A NEURONAL POOL IS.
Definition
GROUPS OF NEURONS THAT MAKE HUNDREDS OF SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS AND WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM A COMMON FUNCTION.
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