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| bad, abnormal, painful, difficult |
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| excessive, abnormally high, above |
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| near, alongside; departure from normal |
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| near, alongside; departure from normal |
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| spinal cord, medulla, myelin sheath, bone marrow in MS |
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| sinew or cord, nerve, Fascia in MS |
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| hernia, swelling, protrusion |
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| 0the middle menix (membrane); surrounds a space filled with CSF, known as the subaranoid space |
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| the space within the arachnoid, filled with CSF |
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| the lower posterior part of the brain that is the center of muscle coordination and equilibrium |
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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| a colorless fluid, produced within the ventricles of the brain, that provides liquid shock absorption and a source of nourishment for the brain and spinal cord |
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| the largest part of the brain; which includes the right and left cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum, the cerebral cortex, and the lobes |
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| the right and left portions of the cerebrum, separated by the longitudinal fissure |
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| the outer fringe of the cerebrum and the site of nerve pathway termination and origin in the brain |
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| the dome-shaped part of the skull that houses the cranial cavity |
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| 12 pairs of nerves that unite with the brain |
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| the central part of the brain, which contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus; located beneath the cerebellum |
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| clusters of neuron cell bodies that lie out side the CNS |
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| The dura mater; arachnoid, and the pia mater membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord; (singular form menix) |
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| a white, fattey membrane that partially wraps the axons of certain neurons |
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| supportive cells of nervous tissue |
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| a functional cell of nervous tissue that generates and tranmits nerve impulses; each neuron consists of numerous dendrites, a centralized cell body, and an axon |
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| a chemical that is released into a synapse from one neuron to cause change in ranother neuron |
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| 31 pairs of nerves that unite with the spinal cord |
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| the cylinderical cord of nervous tissue that extends through the spinal canal from its union with the medulla of the brain to the lumbar vertebral region |
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| area in the diencephalon that serves as a relay station of impulses |
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| located just below the thalamus, this area in the diencephalon is the center for involuntary functions |
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| headache, or general pain to the head |
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| increased sensitivity to stimulation, such as touch or pain |
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| a vague condition of body fatigue often associated with depression |
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| abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without an objective cause |
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| a los of the ability to interpret sensory info |
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| deterioration of brain function characterized by confusion, short-term memory loss, and restlessness |
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| amyothrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| progressive atrophy (loss)of muscle caused by hardening of nervous tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord;also known as Lou Gehrig's disease after the professional baseball player whose experience with this disease brought it to national attention (ALS) |
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| inflammation of the cerebellum |
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| a type of cerebral vascular disease where a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes dilated due to a weakening of its wall |
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| cerebral arteriosclerosis |
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| a type of cerebral vascular disease characterized by hardening the arteries that supply the brain |
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| a type of cerebral vascular disease where a build up of fatty plaque on the inside wall of a vessel that supplies the brain results in reduced blood flow |
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| presence of an embolism (floating blood clot) in a blood vessel that supplies the brain |
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| a disorder that effects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills; it is usually caused by brain damage that occurs before or during a child's birth or during the first few years of the child's life |
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| a thrombosis (lodged blood clot) within blood vessels that supply the brain |
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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| disruption of the blood supply to the brain resulting in functional losses or death; stroke |
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| a general disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels that supply the brain |
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| a general term that describes several levels of decreased consciousness; deep sleep |
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| injury to the brain caused by a violent movement of the head; includes symptoms of vertigo and loss of consciousness |
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| decline or impairment of mental function that is characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion (not in the mind) |
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| inflammation of the dura mater |
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| inflammation of the brain, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection |
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| softening of brain tissue, usually caused by deficient blood flow |
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| a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures |
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| inflammation of the ganglion |
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| a tumor of neuroglial cells |
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| partial paralysis on one side of the body |
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| paralysis on one side of the body |
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| increased volume of CSF in the brain ventricles of a child before the cranial sutures have sealed, causing enlargement of the cranium |
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| benign tumor of the meninges |
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| inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection |
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| protrusion of the meninges through an opening caused by a defect in the skull or spinal column |
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| protursion of the meninges and the spinal cord through the spinal column |
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| partial paralysis of one limb |
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| the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering the axons within the brain, exhibited by episodes of localized functional losses |
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| inflammation of the spinal cord |
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| a sleep disorder characterized by sudden, uncontrollable attacks of sleep, attacks of paralysis, and hypnagoic hallucinations (dreams intruding on wakefullness) |
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| disease of the nervous system that results in pain within one or more joints |
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| a general term for any tumor that originates from nervous tissue |
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| an emotional disorder that involves a counterproductive way of dealing with stress |
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| paralysis of localized areas; the most common is Bell's plasy, in which facial muscles are paralyzed on one side of the head |
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| paralysis from the waist down |
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| chronic degenerative disease of the brain characterized by hand tremors, rigidity, expressionless face, and shuffling gait (Pakinsonism) |
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| inflammation of gray mater of the spinal cord caused by one of several polioviruses that often leads to paralysis (polio) |
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| inflammation of many nerves at one time |
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| any disease affecting the mind |
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| an incapacitating mental disorder indicated by gross distortion of emotions and an incapacity to recognoze reality, relate to others, and cope with ordinary demands of daily life |
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| pertaining to both the mind and body; commonly used to describe a condition that results from mental stress |
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| paralysis of all four limbs; also known as tetraplegia |
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| inflammation of the spinal nerve roots |
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| disease of spinal nerve roots |
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| inflammation of the sciatic nerve, producing pain that extends from the low back, buttocks and down the back lof the leg |
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| a sudden, uncontrollable electrical activity in the brain resulting in convulsions; classified as grand mal (all muscle groups) petit mal( brief losses of consciousness without motor involvement), or partial (limited areas of the brain with local symptoms) |
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| viral infection of the peripherial nerves that erupts as painful skin blisters along tracts; also called herpes zoster |
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| fainting, usually caused by a sudden loss of blod flow to the brain |
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
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| a brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain that results in temporary neurologic impairment and often precedes a CVA |
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| eating disorder in which the person has an intense fear of gaining weight in spite of being severely underweight |
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| emotional instability caused by apprehension and mental tension over the anticipation of real or imagineed events |
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| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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| learning disorder caused by the failure to focus attention for a given period of time dues to abnormally high energy (hyperactivity) and implusiveness; attention deficit disorder (ADD) a similar condition that prevents the individual from focusing attention for more than a few mins but does not include hyperactivity |
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| mental disorder in which the patient experiencees episodes of extreme changes in mood and energy, ranging from severe depression to mania |
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| behavioral eating disorder that involves uncontrolled eating, or binging, and self-induced vomiting or purging |
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| mental disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness and despair, often accompanied by reduced energy and avoidance of social contacts |
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| obessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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| menta disorder that involves an uncontrollable need to perform certain motor-skill tasks, repetitive behaviors, or rituals, such as hand washing |
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| emotional disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of an object, environment, or experiencee; the particular fear is identified by adding the suffix-phobia to the feared item, environment, or experience (arachnophobia-fear of spiders)0 |
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| post-tramatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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| emotional disorder characterized by extreme fear and anxiety that results from traumatic experiencee, such as a bomb explosion or car accident |
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| a group of psychotic disorders that include the inability to distinguish reality from nonreality, disturbance of language, social withdrawal , and fragmentation of cognitive functions |
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| an agent that relieves pain |
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| a process or treatment that results in an absence of feeling or sensation |
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| x-ray pic of the blood vessels in the brain following injection of contrast medium |
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| CT scan or CAT scan, this procedure involves the use of a computer to interpret a series of images and construct from them a 3-D view of the brain; this is particularly useful in Dx tumors |
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| surgical excision (removal) of part of the skull to approach the brain |
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| use of ultrasonography or ultrasound (sound waves) to record brain structures (EchoEG) |
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| a procedure that records the electrical impulses of the brain ( or brain waves) EEG |
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| this group of Dx tests measures changes in brain waves in the presence of a particular stimuli to determine brain function, providing a test for sight, hearing and other senses |
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| surgical excision of the ganglion also called gangliectomy |
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| aspiration (fliud withdrawal with a syringe) of CSF from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of spinal cord |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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| use of magnets and computer imagineg to identify structural details of soft tissues by producing 3-D images useful in targeting brain tumors, brain trauma and MS |
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| x-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of contrast dye |
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| surgical excision of a nerve |
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| the study and medical practice of the nervous system; a physician who specializes in disorders of the NS is a neurologist |
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| separating a nerve by removing adhesions |
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| surgical repair of a nerve |
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| positron emission tomography (PET scan) |
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| brain scan that provides a map of metabolic function within the brain that can be correlated to brain activity |
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| the branch of medicine that addresses mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders |
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| the field of study of human behavior |
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| incision into the nerve root; also called rhizotomy |
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| Dx tests performed to observe the body's response to various stimuli00; includes deep tendon reflexes (DTR) and Babinski reflex |
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