Term
|
Definition
| Each element is distinguished by itsatomic number, i.e., the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a negatively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis. The opposite of cation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus, can have. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valenceshell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared withanother atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| of, relating to, or using ions.• (of a chemical bond) formed by the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions. Often contrasted with covalent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consisting of molecules not having a dipole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reactionwithout itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sticking together of particles of the same substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. The opposite of hydrophobic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a purine or pyrimidine group in a nucleotide or nucleic acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of the actual or potential patterns of electron density that may be formed in an atom or molecule by one or more electrons, and that can be represented as a wave function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An isotope having an unstable nucleus that decomposesspontaneously by emission of a nuclear electron or heliumnucleus and radiation, thus achieving a stable nuclearcomposition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the halving of the number of chromosomes per cell that occurs at one of the two anaphases of meiosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nucleiexcept those of ordinary hydrogen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in chemistry, the statement that when atomscombine to form molecules they generally eachlose, gain, or share valence electrons untilthey attain or share eight; also called Lewis rule of eight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a dipole or characterized by moleculeshaving dipoles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usually one degree). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tending to repel or fail to mix with water. The opposite ofhydrophilic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a positively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted tothe cathode in electrolysis. The opposite of anion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| of, relating to, or denoting chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Often contrasted withionic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time, on the average, closer to the Oxygen nucleus than the Hydrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the sticking together of particles of differentsubstances.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a molecule or other entity that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
the action of separating or breaking down |
|
|
