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| A description of an abstract property in terms of a concrete condition that can be measured |
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| The characteristic of an observation that allows one to draw accurate inferences from it |
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| The tendency for a measure to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing |
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| the complete collection of participants who might possibly be measured |
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| The partial collection of participants who might possibly be measured in a study |
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| A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall off toward the tails and the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical |
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| The "most frequent" measurement in a frequency distribution |
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| The average of the measurements in a frequency distribution |
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| The "middle" measurements of a frequency distribution |
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| The numerical difference between the smallest and largest measurements in a frequency distribution |
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| An observation whose true purpose is hidden from the researcher as well as from the participant |
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| A property whose value can vary or change |
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| The "co-relationship" or pattern of covariation between two variables, each of which has been measured several times |
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| A statistical measure of the direction and strength of a correlation, which is signified by the letter r |
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| The fact that the causal relationship between two variables cannot be inferred from the correlation between them because of the ever-present possibility of a third-variable correlation |
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| A technique for establishing the casual relationship between variables |
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| The variable that is manipulated in an experiment |
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| The variable that is measured in a study |
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| One of the two groups of participants created by the manipulation of an independent variable in an experiment that is not exposed to the stimulus being studied. |
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| A specific and testable prediction that is usually derived from a theory |
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