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The Liver
The liver
25
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
07/21/2012

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Term
liver functions:
Definition
-process and store nutrients
-secrete bile salts
-secrete bilrubin (bile pigment)
-Synthesis of most plasma proteins (clotting)
-Detoxify druge, alcohol, and other toxins
-Elimate waste and toxins
Term
Bile is produced by
Definition
liver cells (hepatocytes)
Term
Bile consists of
Definition
bile salts
bilirubin
cholesterol
Term
where is bile stored until needed?
Definition
gall bladder
Term
What organs are in the biliary system?
Definition
liver, gall bladder, associated ducts
Term
What is the job of the common bile duct?
Definition
transports bile from liver and or gall bladder to duodenum
Term
What can the components of bile form?
Definition
gallstones
Term
How do bile salts aid lipid digestion?
Definition
since lipases can only act on molecules near the surface of fat droplets, bile sals increase surface area of those droplets by breaking it into several smaller ones. =Emulsifaction
Term
What does increased surfaec area for lipases do?
Definition
Speeds up fat digestion
Term
Do bile salts chemically digest lipids?
Definition
no
Term
What are bile salts synthesized from?
Definition
cholesterol in liver
Term
What is an amphipathic molecule?
Definition
has both hydrophillica and hydrophobic regions
Term
Bile salts -- fat
Definition
emulsify
Term
How are bile salts secreted?
Definition
in bile
Term
hydrophillic regions of bile-
Definition
prevent lipid droplets from reforming into large droplets
Term
Where are most bile salts reabsorbed? Where are they returned to?
Definition
lower small intestine (ileum). Returned to liver to be re-screted into bile
Term
What is enterohepatic circulation of bile salts?
Definition
bile salt makes several trips through bile, and is eventually eliminated in feces
Term
What is bilirubin (bile pigment)?
Definition
results from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
Average red blood cell life=120 days until degraded by immune cells. Heme can be toxic at high levels and is eliminated from body in the form of bilirubin (green/yellow color)
Term
in hepatocytes what is bilirubin attached to? secreted into?
Definition
glucuronic acid, small intestine
Term
What happens to bilirubin in the small intestine?
Definition
it is metabolized by intestinal bacteria- now a brown color, giving feces its brown color.
Term
Most Bilirubin is excreted from body in
Definition
feces- removing the toxic levels
Term
Some bilirubin is absorbed by small instenine and travels in blood to
Definition
be excreted by kidneys, giving urine its yellow color
Term
What is jaundice?
Definition
Accumulation of bilirubin in body tissues. Gives skin and eyes yellow color
Term
Newborns have normal jaundice which is:
Definition
live enzyme hat attaches to glucuronic acid to bilirubin is not fully functional until several days of age, turing newborns yellow, but they are more resistant to toxic effects of heme/bilirubin.
Term
Bile can't be secreted without
Definition
glucuronic acid
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