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| Strict Constructionist; interprets the Constitution according to the original intent of the Framers |
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| Court uses power to further justice, especially in areas of equality of personal liberty. For example, the Warren Court's expansion of civil liberties. Believe the Consitution is a living, changing document. |
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| A brief by a "friend of the court" who is not a party in the case, but wants to provide additional view points for the court to consider because they have an interest in the outcome. |
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| A request from a higher court to send up the documents from the lower court. "to be certified" In the Supreme Court, this is granted when 4 justices decide to hear a case. |
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| Reliance on past decisions (precedents) to decide the outcome of a case. |
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| Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety. |
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| codes of behavior related to buisiness and contractual relationships between groups or individuals. $$$ |
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| Article III courts; the Supreme Court and inferior courts. Judges have life tenure. |
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| Courts established by Congress for a particular purpose. Example: Court of Military Appeals. |
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| The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first. |
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| Powers vested in a court to review and revise decisions of a lower court. |
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| Power of the courts to review legislative acts of the other branches of government and the states. Established in Marbury v. Madison (1803). |
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| An extraordinary court order from a higher court to a lower court, institution or person, usually without full judicial proceedings, obligating the party to do or refrain from doing something. |
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| There are currently 94 in the United States and have original jurisdiction in Federal matters, including both civil and criminal cases. |
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| Federal Circuit Court of Appeals |
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| There are 13 of these courts and the do not have any original jursidiction. Decisions of these courts are only binding in their districts. |
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| The Judiciary Act of 1789 |
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| Established the 3-tiered court system. |
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| The current number of justices on the Supreme Court. |
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| Gave Congress the authority to establish lower courts, established the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and defined the only crime mentioned in the Consitution; treason. |
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| The job isn't dependent on the way the justices vote and they are to be independent of politics and not subject to political whims. |
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