The B-Cells. Are activated by the antigen and are unique to one specific type of anitgen. When making themselves it is a slow process (7-10 days) and makes a snapshot for itself so it is made much faster the next time it sees the antigen. It does not kill anything but latches on to the antigen and holds it for the phagoctye to get there more quickly and devour it. 

Produces antibodies which are proteins floating in the blood system. The immune response: Pathogen invades and the foreign protein; antigen; sets in motion the making of anitbodies (B-Cell). The memory B-Cell takes a snapshot of the protein so it will remember it next time it enters the body and will take less time to make the antibodies. The first time it takes 7-10 days to make the antibody. The arms of the antibody attaches to the antigen that stimulated it. It is unique only to this antigen. The antibody doesnt kill anything only latches on to antigen via the arms and holds it for phagocytes to come and ingest. The antibodies and phagocytes are strictly for anitgens outside of the cell. They cannot go in the cell.

Responsible for cell mediated immunity. The secondary defense when pathogen gets inside the cell and hides. They mature in the Thymus (T) and get trained for what belongs in the body and what does not. They then migrate to the spleen, lymphnodes and circulation of the blood stream and patrol for invaders. They congregate where pathogens are likely to show up. When the pathogen hides inside the cell the T-Cell finds the infected cell and kills the whole cell therefor killing the pathogen. If we did not have T-Cells the viruses would high jack our cells and make them virus producers. The T-Cells kill the infected cells and the phagocytes come by and clean up any left over mess.

• Inherited
• Present at birth
• Inherited response to major antigens

2 Types Passive and Active

• Exposed to pathogens after birth
• Developed

• Animal inherits antibodies from o/s source
• Recieve ready made antibodies through Colostrum (mothers milk) or Antiserum (Antivenon)
  

• Immune system actively produced antibodies via Natural Exposure or Artificial Exposure

• The body is invaded by the pathogen from environment and it creates antibodies and memories of anitgen

• Injected with pathogen via VX that contain actual living pathogens or dead pathogens

Modified live virus

• Pathogen is weakened and will give the animal the virus to create antibodies
• Rendered harmless usually but not in all species EXAMPLE: Ferretts cannot get Canine DHPP or it will die
• Keeps antigenicity and loses virulence (less ability to cause disease)
  
• There is a slim chance however that the pathogen can mutate in the vial and actually give animal the virus
  

EXAMPLE: Rabies

• Inactive
• Bacterin = Killed bacteria
• Safer but "weaker" immune stimulant because it is dead
• Injected with adjuvent which allows the antigen to stay in the body longer so the antibodies can be made
  

• Only a portion of the pathogen is in the VX
  
• Enough to act as a Ag
• May not get as good of a response because the pathogen is still dead which makes it safer
• Is designed so we can give VX to other species
  

• One virus produces Ag of another
• Get Ag and give it nstructions to fight another Ag
• EXAMPLE: Canary pox pathogen is recognized in a canines body as distemper so conary pox is put in the distemper vx
  

• Faulty = Expired or mis handled via transport or not refridgerated
  
• Wrong rout = IM, SQ, PO, IN, IV
• Wrong amount
• Maternal Antibody interference. Interferes with VX b/c maternal antibody will bind with artificial antigen and it will neutralize it before it gets to immune system
  

Time in animals life where it is not protected by artificial means because maternal antibodies will block vx but those antibodies are not strong enough to fight off natural exposure. Because of this we dont know which puppies/kittens are protected or not so have series of vx until 16 weeks so we know that we vx and protect all animals at all stages.