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| main phagocytic cells that reside in tissue. Active in innate immunity. Engulf bacteria, phagocytose, destroy dead RBC and other deed cells in body. |
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| Phagocytic cells that reside in tissue. Deliver message of infection to lymph nodes. Activated by phagocytosis look for passing T cells that recognize protein fragment. |
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| They phagocytose foreign materials and activate bactericidal mechanisms.Normally present in blood NOT TISSUE. dead neutrophils are pus. recruited to inflammation sites. |
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| Attack antibody coated parasites. Circulate in blood. Recruited to sites of parasite infection.Produced by allergic inflammation. |
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| Reside in layers just beneath surfaces in body, like mucosal surfaces. Dont circulate in blood. Release granules containing histamine. Play a role in allergic response intended role for parasite |
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| Circulate in blood. Recruited to sites of allergic inflammation. Function similar to mast cells |
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| Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells |
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| Small fraction of dendritic cells. Circulate in blood. Produce antiviral proteins called interferons. Then migrate to lymph nodes. |
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| When activated differentiate into antibody producing cells. Circulate in blood. Responsible for humoral immunity. Part of adaptive immune system. |
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| responsible for cellular immunity. Part of active immune system. |
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| Have no antigen specific receptors. Do not proliferate of differentiate in further in response to specific pathogens. Kill our own cells not bacteria. |
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| Monocytes macrophages neutrophils |
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| natural killer plasmacytoid dendritic cells |
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| Mast cells, eosinophils, basophils |
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| proteins that affect affect the behavior of other cells that have receptors. Induced with bacteria cross an epithelial surface |
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| When released by macrophages: increase permeability of RB vessels and increase stickiness of endothelial wall of vessels. This allows fluid and protein to pass into tissues. |
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| Released by activated macrophages, a special case of cytokines, attract cells with chemokine receptors (neutrophils)attract manocytes |
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| System of plasma proteins that activates cascade of proteolytic rxn. Surfaces of pathogens coated with protein receptors and macrophage will identify any that escape. |
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| Enzyme used as a chemical defense that degrades bacterial cells walls. Found in saliva, sweat and tears. |
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| Cryptidins (small intenstine) and beta-defensins (skin resp. tract) |
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| antibacterial and antifungal peptides that are cationic (positively charged) peptides that damage bacterial membranes. |
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| Cytokine that mobilize production of neutrophils by bone marrow, increase phagocytosis, increase temp. stimulates migration of dendritic cells to lymph nodes. speeds initiation of adaptive immune response. Part of acute phase of immune response. |
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| This cytokine in the liver induces synthesis of C-Reactive protein. |
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| CRP binds phosphorlcholine on certain bacterial and fungal surfaces, doesnt recognize it in form found on host cell membrane. Coats pathogen surfaces like complement does. |
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| Part of acute phase of immune system, made in large amounts. Coat pathogen surfaces for destruction. Important for pneumonia. |
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| Central or primary lymphoid organs |
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| Bone Marrow (where B and T lymphocytes originate, B lymphocytes mature) Thymus(where T lymphocytes mature) |
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| Peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs |
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| lymph nodes, the spleen, MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue). Where B and T lymphocytes meet antigen, adaptive immune response initiated |
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| Fluid leaves lymph nodes via |
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| efferent lymphatic vessel |
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| Ancillary protein, when activated become cytotoxic. They enter blood stream and enter tissue at site of infection by following chemokines to infection. Kill the human cells that they recognize. Recognize a specific antigen on a infected cells. |
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| May activate a macrophage to kill a bacteria, activate B cells that will then differentiate and multiply |
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| produce antibodies, but must be activated. naive B cells make only small amts of antibody but activated B cells make large amts and they antibody moleucls enter blood stream to search for target. Need two signals. |
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| produce antibodies, but must be activated. naive B cells make only small amts of antibody but activated B cells make large amts and they antibody moleucls enter blood stream to search for target. Need two signals. |
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| the antibody gene locus is composed of different fragments. These multiplied creates lots of possibilites |
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| A light chain in formed from... |
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Definition
| one of about 70 V segments and 9 J segments |
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| due to splice sites between different fragments are not precise. Amino acids may be added or deleted at each splice site. |
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| in B cells only: process of additional diversity occuring in germinal centers in the final stages of differentiation of B cells |
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| The diversity of antibodies is greater than the number of human genes |
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Definition
B cells : 5 x 10^13
T cells: 10^18
Human genes 2 x 10^4 |
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Definition
| Early in development of an organism, developing lymphocytes that are potentially reactive against "self" are removed |
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