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| The identification of a place by precise coordinates. ex:the global grid of parallels and meridians |
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| The position of a place relative to other places or activities - where the library is relative to the lunchroom |
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| The physical and cultural characteristics and attributes of the place itself |
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| Refers to the external relations of a locale - expression of relative location with particular reference to items of significance to the place in question |
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| Direction with respect to the cardinal points of north,south, east and west |
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| Directions based on cultual understanding such as "out West" or "the Middle East" |
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| The shortest-path separation between two places that is measured by some accepted unit (miles or kilometers) |
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| Transformation of absolute distance using such things as cost or time |
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| The physical environment unaffected by human activities |
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| The natural landscape as modified by human activities, bearing the imprint of a culture group or society |
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| Movement (of people, goods, information) between places |
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| The ease with which a destination can be reached from other locations |
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| The directness of routes linking pairs of places - all of the tangible and intangible means of connection and communication between places |
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| the process of dispersion of an idea or an item from a center of origin to more distant points with which it is directly or indirectly connected |
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| The increasing interconnection of all peoples and societies in all parts of the world |
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| The arrangement of items on the earth's surface |
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| The measure of the number or quantity of anything within a defined unit of area |
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| A statement of the amount of spread of a phenomenon over area or around a central location - concentrated area/scattered area |
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| The clustering of a phenomenon around a central location |
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| The geometric arrangement of objects in space |
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| Earth areas that display the significant elements of internal uniformity and external difference from surrounding territories |
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| The view that physical and cultural phenomena on the surface of the Earth are rationally arranged by complex, diverse, but comprehensive interrelated spatial processes |
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| Areas of essential uniformity in one or a limited combination of physical or cultural features |
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| A region defined by what occurs within it rather than by a homogeny of physical or cultural traits |
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| A region percieved to exist by its inhabitants or the general populace |
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| Geographic Information Systems(GIS) |
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| Intergrated computer programs for handling, processing, and analyzing data specifically referenced to the surface on the earth |
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| Images about an area of an environment developed by an individual on the basiss of information or impressions received, interpreted, and stored |
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| A simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify causal relationships |
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| The arrangment and intregrated operation of phenomena produced by or responding to spatial processes on the earth's surface |
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| 1)The ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of that same area on the earth. 2)Refers to the size of the area studied, from local to global |
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| The method choosen to represent the earth's curved surface as a flat map |
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| 1)A societies collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of behavior, and social organizations etc etc 2) A collective terms for a group displaying uniform cultural characteristics |
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| Units of learned behavior ranging from the language spoken to the tools used or the games played |
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| Individual cultural traits that are functionally interrelated |
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| A portion of the Earth's surface occupied by populations sharing recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics |
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| The viewpoint that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development |
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| Preagricultural people dependent on the year-round availablity of plant and animal foodstuffs they could secure with the limited variety of rudimentary stone tools and weapons at their disposal |
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| The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasinly dissimilar with the passage of time |
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| The number of persons supportable within a given area by the tecnologies at their disposal |
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| Centers of innovation and invention from which key culture traits and elements moved to exert an influence on surrounding areas |
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| The concept of independent but parallel cultural development--explains the similarity between seperated environments |
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| The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share tecnology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication |
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| Ideas, beliefs, and knowledge of a culture and of the ways in which these things are expressed in speech or other forms of communication |
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| The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs. ex: language, religion, folklore, tradition etc |
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| Complex of material objects together with the techniques of their use by means of which people carry out their productive activities |
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| Material manifestations of culture, including tools, housing systems of land use, clothing etc |
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| The totality of expressed and accepted patterns of interpersonal relations common to a culture or subculture |
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| Insitutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational, and religious institutions |
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| Interlocking nature if all aspects of a culture |
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| Changes to a culture that result from ideas created within the social group itself and adopted by the culture |
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| The retention of established culture traits despite changing circumstances rendering them inappropriate |
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| The spread of ideas, behaviors, or articles through a culture area or from one culture to neighboring areas through contact and exchange of information |
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| Transfer of ideas, behaviors, or articles from one place to another through the migration of those possessing the feature |
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| Innovations developed in two or more unconnected locations by individuals or groups acting independently |
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| Cultural modification or change that results when one culture group of individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society |
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| Any conditions that hinder either the flow of information or the movement of people and thus retard or prevent the acceptance of an innovation |
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| The development of a new form of culture trait by the fusion of two or more distinct parental elements |
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| The study of the relationship between a culture group and the natural environment it occupies |
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| A collective of culture regions sharing related culture systems; a major world region having sufficient distinctivness to be perveived as set apart from other realms in terms of cultural characteristics and complexes |
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| The process by which an idea or innovation is transmitted from one individual or group to another across space |
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| Environmental Determinism |
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| The belief that the physical environment exclusively shpaes humans, their actions, and their thoughts |
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| The actual or potential relationship of two places or regions that each produce different goods or sevices for which the other has an effective demand, resulting in an exchange between the locales |
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| Acceptable costs of an exchange |
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| Intervening Opportunities |
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| The concept that closer opportunities will materially reduce the attractiveness of interaction with more distant--even slightly better--alternatives |
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| A measure of the retarding or restricting effect of distance on spatial interaction |
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| The decline of an activity of function with increasing distance from its point of origin |
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A mathematical prediction of the interactiom between two bodies(places) as a function of their size and of the distance separating them.
F=g[(M1*M2)/(d^2)], where Ms are population sizes two places and distance is the distance between those two populations |
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| A measurement of the totaly interaction opportunities available under gravity model assumptions to a center in a multicenter system |
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| Any aggregate control on or regularity of movement of people, commodities or communication |
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| A set of routes and the set of places that they connect |
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| The general term applied to all types of human territorial movement |
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| The emotional arrachment to and the defense of home ground |
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| An invisible, usually irregular area around a person into which he or she does not willingly admit others |
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| The area within which people move freely on their round of regular activity |
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| Knowledge of opportunity locations beyond normal activity space |
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| The volume of space and length of time within which our activities must be confined |
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| The distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence our willingness to travel |
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| Personal Communication Field |
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| An area defined by the distribution of an individual's short-range informal communications |
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| The awareness we have of home and distant places |
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| The permanent relocation of redidential place and activity space |
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| Negative home factors that impel the decision to migrate |
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| Positive attractions of the migration destination |
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| The measure of an individual's satisfaction with a given residential location |
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| The process by which locational alternatives are evaluated |
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| A migration in which an eventual long-distance relocation is undertaken in stages as, for example, from farm to village to small town to city |
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| Process by which migration movements from a common home area to a specific destination are sustained by links of frienship or kinship between first movers and later followers |
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| The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated |
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| The tendency for migration to flow between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, by economic and trade connections, or by some other affinity |
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