Term
|
Definition
-"Handy Man"
-East Africa, Southern Africa
-2.8 mya-1.4 mya
-tools |
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Term
|
Definition
-"Java Man"
-"Peking Man"
-Africa, Dmanisi, Southern Asia, East Asia
-Earliest hominid to leave Africa
- 1.8 mya- 50,000
-Tools/Fire |
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Term
|
Definition
- early archaic homo sapiens
-denisovans
-Africa, Europe, Asia, Central Asian regional variant
- 780,000 ya- 100,000
-may not be a single species
- tools/fire |
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|
Term
Homo neanderthalensis
"Neandertals"
"Neanderthals" |
|
Definition
-late archaic Homo sapiens
-Europe, central asia, near east
-200,000- 30,000 ya
-Tools, fire, burials, Art (spears) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Homo sapiens sapiens
-anatomically modern Homo sapiens
-"Cro Magnon"
- Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, Americas
-earliest discovery at Herto in E. Africa
-200,000 ya - present
-tools, fire, burials, art |
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Term
|
Definition
-Flores Island (Indonesia)
-15,000 ya |
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Term
| Homo Habilis Cranial Morphology |
|
Definition
-Capacity: 500-750cc
- Higher frontal
-moderate post orbital constriction
- higher and wider parietals
-larger more complex brain (encephalization)
-moderate supra orbital ridge (decrease in chewing power)
-ratio of face to brain decreases
- less lower facial prognathism
-tooth size reduced
- deep palate |
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Term
| Homo habilis Post Cranial Morphology |
|
Definition
| similar to australopithecines |
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Term
|
Definition
-survived as general forager and scavenger
-made simple flake stone tools
-Oldowan tradition |
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Term
| Homo Erectus Cranial Morphology |
|
Definition
-Capacity: 8000-1100cc
- Higher and wider frontal than homo habilis
-moderate post orbital constriction
-higher and wider parietals
-encephalization continues
-Sagittal Keel
-Occiptial Torus
-Increased cranial thickness (protection and insulation for the brain)
- slight nasal bridge
-zygomatic arch no longer the widest part of the skull
-moderate to prominent supra orbital ridge
-moderate lower facial prognathism
-dental arcade more parabolic
-reduction in size of teeth |
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|
Term
| Homo Erectus Post Cranial Morphology |
|
Definition
-reduced arm length
-reduced finger length
-precision grip
-increase leg length
-generally same as homo sapiens |
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Term
|
Definition
-Acheulian tools
-intelligent scavenger (jogging)
-evidence of controlled use of fire 1 mya
-first fully terrestrial hominidae |
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|
Term
| Homo neanderthalensis cranial morphology |
|
Definition
-Capacity: 1200cc- 2000cc Average is 1450cc
-Higher and wider frontal and parietals than earlier hominids
-slight post orbital constriction
-long narrow cranium
- occipital bun
-prominent nasal bridge
-projecting, bulbous nose
- mid facial prognathism (increases size of mucus membranes. improves breathing in cold air. Cold adaptation)
-distinctive angled wear on incisors (using front teeth as third hand)
-TMJ disease
-non projecting chin |
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|
Term
| Homo neanderthalensis post cranial morphology |
|
Definition
-short and stocky
-hyper muscular- confrontational style of hunting (close range) |
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Term
| Homo neanderthalensis behavior |
|
Definition
-Diet: meat, berries,grasses, tubers, often cooked.
- sometimes buried dead
-cared for aged( la chevelle aux saints and shanidar)
-language (hyoid bone amd fox p2 in brain)
-evidence of cannibalism not common though
-Mousterian tools (projectile point/spearhead)
-Art: eagle talons, engraved bone (les pradelles), gorhams cave(gibralter) 40,000-45,000 years old |
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Term
| Homo sapiens cranial morphology |
|
Definition
-capacity: 1200-1800cc average 1350cc
-high prominent frontal
-slight to minimal post orbital constriction
-high and wide parietals
-globular cranium
-larger more complex brain (behavior complexity)
-slighter to moderate supra orbital ridge
- smaller face and bigger brain
-minimal lower facial prognathism
-prominent nasal bridge
-projecting nose
-parabolic dental arcade
-tooth size reduced
- mental eminence(projecting chin) |
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Term
|
Definition
- Upper paleolithic tools (spears, used antlers as needles)
-Art (carvings, cave paintings, negative hand image, bone wrench-decorated tool, atlatl) |
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Term
| Homo floresiensis Morphology |
|
Definition
- Capacity: 380cc
-skull similar in shape to Homo erectus (but not exactly the same)
-about 3 feet tall
-found with evidence of hunting tools, fire, and camps |
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Term
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Definition
| -population of homo erectus or homo sapiens descendants who became small because of island rule ( large tend to get small. Small get larger) |
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