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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| A group of ocular d/os resulting in increased IOP |
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Definition
Gradual and usually painless
Usually develops around 80 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ciliary body secretes aqueous humor
Moves from post. chamber to ant. chamber through pupil
Drains through trabecular mesh==>canal of Schlamm into b.v |
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Term
| Glaucoma cause and effect |
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Definition
Increase IOP d/t aqueous humor increase
Reduced blood flow damages retina and optic nerve
Causes loss of peripheral vision |
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Term
| Primary Open Angle Glaucoma |
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Definition
Makes up 90% of glaucomas
Usually bilateral and asymptomatic
Causes: aging, heredity, central retina vein occlusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Foggy vision, H/A, Decreased Accommodation, frequent eyeglass change, mild aching in eyes, visual field shows small crescent shaped defect |
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Definition
**Sudden onset
Problem: forward displacement of iris against cornea narrows chamber angle, which obstructs outflow of aqueous humor |
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Definition
| Sudden pain, N/V, colored 'halos' around lights, H/A, brow pain, blurred vision with decreased light perception |
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Term
| Secondary/Associated Glaucoma |
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Definition
Causes a narrowed angle or decreased fluid
Outflow channels are blocked
Sudden, without warning
Secondary Cause: iritis, trauma, surgery, tumors
Associated Causes: DM, HTN, retinal detachment |
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Term
| Tools for Glaucoma diagnosis |
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Definition
Opthalmoscope
Tonometry
Normal Pressure
Perimetry
Gonioscopy
Optic Nerve Imaging |
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Term
| Opthalmoscope to diagnose |
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Definition
Shows cupping and atrophy of optic disc
*Disc becomes wider & deeper and turns gray and white |
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Definition
| Attached to microscope and measure amount of pressure it takes to flatten cornea |
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| Pressure ranges to diagnose |
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Definition
Normal: 10-20 mm/Hg
Open-angle: 22-32 mm/Hg
Narrow-angle: >32 mm/Hg |
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Definition
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Definition
| Determines open or closed glaucoma |
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| Optic Nerve Imaging to diagnose |
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Definition
Used for people with ocular HTN at risk for glaucoma
**Assesses thickness and contour of optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Facilitate outflow of aqueous humor though remaining chambers
OR limit fluid production
OR help body absorb fluid better |
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Term
| Drugs for glaucoma: mechanisms of action |
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Definition
1) Constrict pupils
2) Reduced production or increase absorption |
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Term
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Definition
Cholinergic agonists
Adrenergic agonists
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors
Prostaglandins agonist |
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Term
| Cholinergic drugs: action |
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Definition
| Decrease humor production and reduce pupil size |
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Term
| Cholinergic drugs: examples |
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Definition
pilocarpine hydrochloride (Isopto Carpine, Pilopine, Pilostat)
Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol, Miostaf) |
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Term
| Cholinergic drugs: educate re: |
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Definition
Systemic SE
(H/A, increased sweat and saliva)
*Adaptation to dark rooms |
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Term
| Adrenergic agonists: examples |
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Definition
Dipivefrin HCl (Propine)
Epinephril (Epifrin) |
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Term
| Adrenergic agonists: action |
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Definition
| Decrease a.h. and dilate pupil |
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Term
| Adrenergic Agonists: contraindications |
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Definition
| Don't use with closed-angle glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
Cartelol (Ocupress)
Betaxolol HCl (Betopic) |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease a.h. and fluid is absorbed faster |
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| Beta-blockers: nsg. consideration |
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Definition
can mask s/s of hypoglycemia
Assess for decreased HR |
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Term
| Carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors: examples |
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Definition
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| Carbonic-anhydrase: action |
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Definition
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| Carbonic-anhydrase: nsg. considerations |
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Definition
| Must be shaken well prior to admin |
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Definition
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Definition
| Dilates blood vessels in trabecular mesh to absorb a.h. |
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| Prostaglandins: nsg considerations |
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Definition
Eye color may darken
Eyelashes may grow longer |
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Definition
| Only use med in affected eye |
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Definition
Oral glycerin (Osmoglyn)
IV Mannitol (Osmitrol) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Burns trabecular mesh, causing scarring and tightening |
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Term
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Definition
Driving is prohibited
IOP re-evaluated 1 hr. post-op and on d/c
Ocular steroid (Ocu-Pred) is given |
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Definition
Creates drainage hole in iris
**A shunt is implanted if this doesn't work |
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Definition
Abx under conjunctiva
Patch/protective shield
Avoid aspirin and lying on operative side
Report brow pain, N/V, severe eye pain |
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Definition
| Rare, but very serious complication of glaucoma surgery |
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Definition
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Definition
Results from traction on the retina
Tear is jagged, irregularly shaped |
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Definition
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Definition
Separation of sensory retina from pigmented epithelium
**Considered an ocular emergency |
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| Retinal Detachment: Symptoms |
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Definition
Sudden, painless
Bright flashes of light
Floating dark spots
"curtain being pulled over eye"
Opthalmoscope: gray bulge or fold |
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Term
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Definition
| create inflammatory response with retina and choroid, and bind them together at the break |
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Term
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Definition
Cryotherapy: freezing probe
Photocoagulation:
Diatherny: high-frequency current |
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| Retinal Detachment: Scleral buckling |
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Definition
General anesthesia
Repairs wrinkling or folds
Implant with band inserted to promote reattachment
*or gas bubble inserted to hold retina |
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Term
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Definition
Eye patch and shield
Monitor VS
Monitor for pain, N/V, drainage, s/s of inc. IOP |
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Term
| Scleral buckling: gas bubble interventions |
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Definition
Position client prone with operative side up
Must remain still until gas absorbs
*Clients have bathroom priv |
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Term
| Scleral Buckling: educating pt |
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Definition
Avoid activity causing REM or increased IOP
S/S of infection and detachment
Notify dr w/ any s/s
Eye shield while sleeping
*Wear in shower first 3 days |
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Term
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Definition
Opacity of the lens
Age related is most common
Classified by nature or onset |
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Term
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Definition
C/o decreased vision
Blurred or double vision
Decreased color perception
Absence of red reflex
Presence of white pupil |
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Term
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Definition
Surgery is only cure
Strong reading glasses may help
No nighttime driving |
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Term
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Definition
Outpatient procedure
IV pre-op sedative |
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Term
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Definition
Diamox given pre-op to reduce IOP
Neo-Synephrine to dilate pupil/ vasoconstriction
Mydriacyl or Cyclogel to induce paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
Local anesthetic to ensure eye paralysis
Versed may be given
Extraction of lens with cataract
Replacement lens instead |
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Term
| Cataract: Surgery post-op |
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Definition
Abx/steroid ointment
Patch and eye shield
Semi-Fowler's position
assess for drainage (creamy white=ok)
Wear dark glasses |
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Term
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Definition
Take Tylenol or Percocet for pain
Inc. pain means inc. IOP or hemorrhage
Teach: s/s of infection & putting in eye drops
Avoid activities that increase IOP |
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Term
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Definition
Increased redness
Yellow/green drainage
Pain with N/V
Bleeding
Flashes of light
Any visual changes |
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