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| conjunctiva (to join together) |
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| -opia (additional suffix) |
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| fluid-filled space between cornea and iris |
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| watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid) |
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| duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream |
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| vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portion of the retina |
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| ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shape of the lens |
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| smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capability |
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| epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor |
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| mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball |
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| transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image |
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| moveable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye |
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| pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit) |
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| interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) |
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| oil glands surrounding the eyelashes |
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| oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids |
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| colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil |
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| gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears |
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| tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac |
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| structure that collects tears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct |
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| transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina |
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| capsule that encloses the lens |
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| central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow) |
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| passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose |
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| exit site of retinal nerve fibers |
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| nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain |
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| space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor |
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| black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye |
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| innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve |
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| cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light |
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| rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light |
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| tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve |
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| mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm |
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| jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye |
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| abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs |
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| eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition) |
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| involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing |
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| abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs |
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| involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding) |
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| extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light |
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| blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness) |
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| defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina |
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| distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point) |
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| farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina |
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| nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina |
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| impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation |
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| ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects |
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| drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis |
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| baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hand down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening) |
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| absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction |
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| inflammation of the eyelid |
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| baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hand down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening) |
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| drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis |
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| chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct (chalaza = hailstone) |
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| opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision |
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| pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva |
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| inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
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| inflammation of the tear sac |
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| disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision |
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| outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning) |
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| inward turning of the rim of the eyelid |
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| abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi= upon; phero = to bear) |
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| a group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision |
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| a sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley) |
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| inflammation of the cornea |
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| breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision |
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| an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false) |
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| a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light |
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| separation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically |
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| inflammation of the retina |
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| a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other) |
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| a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other) |
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| right or left eye deviates inward toward nose (eso = inward; tropo = turning) |
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| right or left eye deviates outward away from nose (exo = out; tropo = turning) |
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| inflammation of the sclera |
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| misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva or cornea |
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| a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6 meters); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20 (6/6) |
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| visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye |
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| use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye |
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| use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes |
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| use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina |
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| use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma |
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| surgical repair of an eyelid |
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| excision of a cloudy lens from the eye |
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| excision of a lacrimal sac |
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| excision of a portion of iris tissue |
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| incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma |
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| use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues (used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc.) |
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| use of intense cold to seal a hold or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment |
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| use of intense cold to seal a hold or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment |
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| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) |
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| a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism (smileusis = carving) |
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| intraocular lens (IOL) implant |
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| implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g., after cataract extraction) |
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| use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal |
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| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) |
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| intraocular lens (IOL) implant |
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| a small, plastic, curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors |
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| washing of the eye with water or other fluid (like saline) |
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| antibiotic ophthalmic solution |
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| antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (such as conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers) |
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| mydriatic (dilation of pupil) |
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| an agent that causes dilation of the pupil (used for certain eye examinations) |
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| an agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less) |
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| introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes: OD (oculus dexter) = right eye, OS (oculus sinister) = left eye, OU (oculi unitas) = both eyes |
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