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Definition
| The thousand of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs |
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| The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party |
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| Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support. |
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| Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission. |
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| A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty |
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| The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected |
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| independent regulatory commission |
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Definition
| an entity created by Congress outside a major executive department |
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| Career government employees who work in the Cabinet-level departments and independent agencies that comprise more than 2,000 bureaus, divisions, branches, offices, services, and other subunits of the federal government. |
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| What are the four types that agencies fall under? |
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Definition
- Cabinet departments
- Government corporations
- Independent executive agencies
- Independent regulatory commissions
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Term
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| Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental funcion such as defense, commerce, or agriculture |
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| independent executive agencies |
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Definition
| Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions |
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| independent regulatory commissions |
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Definition
| Exist outsie the major departments to regulate a specific economic activity or interest. |
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| businesses established by Congress to perform fuctions that could be provided by private businesses |
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| Name one specific business of each of the types of agencies. |
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Definition
- cabinet department- Vice president, Environmental Protection Agency
- independent executive agency- Evironmental Protection Agency
- independent regulatory commissions- National Labor Relations Board
- Government corporations- Amtrak
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Term
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Definition
| The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate. |
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| Federal Employees Political Activites Act of 1993 |
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Definition
| The liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contrbute money to campaigns. |
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Term
| How does the Bureaucracy makes policy? |
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Definition
First, they exercise broad judgment in decisions concerning citizens with whom they interact.
Second, their individual actions add up to agency behavior |
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Term
| What is the iron triangle? |
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Definition
| The relatively stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees |
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| The process by which a law or policy is put into operation |
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| The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas |
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| Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies |
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Term
| How are administrative discretion exercised by bureaucrats? |
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Definition
| Through rule-making and administrative adjudication |
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Term
| administrative discretion |
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Definition
| The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions |
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| rules that govern the operation of all government programs that have the force of law |
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Term
| administrative adjudication |
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Definition
| A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes |
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Term
| How can the president reorganize bureaucracies? |
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Definition
| He can make changes by appointing new member, and in an agency's annual budget requests and ignor legislative initiatives originating within the bureaucracy |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule or regulation issues by the president that has the effect of law. All must be published in the Federal Registry |
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Term
| How can Congress control bureaucrats to hold them accountable? |
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Definition
| Can reject or confirm nominees to top bureaucratic positions and can check the power of the bureaucracy. It can conduct program evaluations or hold oversight hearings. Congress has the power to purse, and control the bureaucracy by holding or giving money to them. |
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| How can Judicial Branch control bureaucracies? |
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Definition
| They can oversee functions and can issue injuctions or orders to an agency even before a rule is publicized. They can threaten a litigation. |
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