Term
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Definition
| consists of a network of ductless glands that secrete chemicals(hormones) that affect the function of specific organs within the body. |
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Term
| ductless glands or endocrine gland |
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Definition
| secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| the field of medicine that deals with the study of the endocrine system and the treatment of the diseases and disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| the physician who specializes in the medical practice of endocrinology. |
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Term
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Definition
| pituitary ,pineal,thyroid,parathyroid,thymus, adrenal, pancreas,ovaries, and testes. |
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Term
pituitary gland
function and characterics |
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Definition
| pea size. called master gland. also known as hypophysis. secretes hormones that control functions of other glands. has two distinct lobes; anterior and posterior pituitary gland |
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Term
| where is the pituitary gland located |
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Definition
| beneath the brain in the pituitary foss(depression) of the sphenoid bone. which is behind and slightly above the nose and throat. connected to the hypothalmus of the brain by a stalklike projection called the infundibulum. |
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Term
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Definition
| also called adenohypophysis. develops from an upward projection from the phayrnx in the embryo and is composed of regular endocrine tissue. |
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Term
| The anterior pituitary gland secretes what hormones |
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Definition
growth hormone (GH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
lactogenic hormone (LTH)
follice-stimulating hormone(FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH) |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as somatotropic hormone (STH) regulates the growth of bone,muscle, and other body tissues. |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the normal growth and development of the adrenal cortex and the secretion of corticosteroids (primarily cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone). |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| a steriod hormone occurring naturally in the body; also called hydrocortisone |
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Term
| thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) |
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Definition
| promotes and maintains the normal growth and development of the thyroid gland and stimulates the secretions of the thyroid hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as prolactin promotes the development of the breasts during pregnancy and stimulates the secretion of milk from the breasts after delivery of the baby. |
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Term
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the production of eggs (ova) in hte female ovaries; also stimulates the production of sperm in the male testes |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates female ovulation and the secretion of testosterone (male sex hormone in the male). |
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Term
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH) |
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Definition
| controls the intensity of pigmentation in pigmented cells of the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics. |
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Term
| posterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
| neurohypophysis. develops from a downward projection of the base of the brain. |
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Term
| what hormones does the posterior pituitary gland(neurohypophysis) store and release |
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Definition
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
oxytocin(OT) |
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Term
| antidiuretic hormone(ADH) |
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Definition
| also known as vasopressin. decreases the excretion of large amounts of urine from the body by increasing the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules thus helping maintain the bodys water balance. |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates the contraction of the uterus during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk from the breasts of lactating women (breastfeeding women) in response to the sickling reflex of the infant. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny,pine cone shaped gland located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain region. |
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Term
| What hormone is the pineal gland responsible for |
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Definition
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Term
| function of the pineal gland |
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Definition
| exact function not known. plays a role in supporting the body's biological clock and secreting melatonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the pineal gland which is though to induce sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| the regulation of our patterns of eating, sleeping, and reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the front of the neck just below the larynx on either side of the trachea. consists of right and left lobe connected accross the front of the trachea by the isthmus. |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow, island-shaped piece that connects the right and left lobe of the thyroid gland |
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Term
| what hormones does the thyroid gland secrete |
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Definition
triiodothyronine t3
thyroxine
calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
| helps regulate growth and development of the body and control metabolism and body temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| helps maintain normal body metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates the level of calcium in the blood. |
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Term
| The parathyroid gland consists of and is located where |
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Definition
| four tiny rounded bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland |
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Term
| The parathyroid glands are responsible for secreting what hormone |
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is also called the |
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Definition
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Term
| the parathyroid hormone is responsible for |
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Definition
| regulates the level of calcium in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when the blood calcium levels fall too low |
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Definition
| the parathyroid glands are triggered to secrete more parathyroid hormone which will draw the calcium from the bone into the blood stream, restoring the blood calcium level to a normal level. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the blood calcium level is too high |
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Term
| what happens when the blood calcium levels are too high |
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Definition
| the parathyroid glands secrete less PTH which allows the excess calcium to be drawn from the bloodstream into storage in the bones, thus returning the blood calcium back to a normal level. |
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Term
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Definition
| in the mediastinum near the middle of the chest, just beneath the sternum. |
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Term
| characteristics of the thymus gland |
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Definition
| large in the fetus and infants and shrinks with increasing age until it is merely a trace in older adults. it is a gland of the lymphatic system but considered and endocrine gland. critical role in the immune system. |
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Term
| the hormones secreted by the thymus are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thought to stimulate the production of specialized lymphocytes called t-cells which are involved in the immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| Also, thought to stimulate the production of t-cells that are involved in the immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized lympocytes that are involved in the immune response. |
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Term
| characteristics of adrenal gland |
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Definition
| consists of two small glands, with one being positioned atop each kidney. consists of an adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. each part having independant functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal part of a structure or organ. |
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Term
| the adrenal gland is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| the adrenal cortex secretes |
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Definition
steroid hormones known as corticosteriods.
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
gonadocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates how mineral salts are processed in the body. |
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Term
| primary mineralocorticoid secreted by the body is |
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Definition
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Term
| mineral salts are known as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention(which promotes water retention) and potassium excretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| influence the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. also maintain normal blood pressure level. has a anti-inflammatory effect. in times of stress increased secretion increases glucose for muscles needed in fight or flight. |
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Term
| The main glucocorticoid secreted in the body is |
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Definition
| cortisol or hydocortisone. |
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Term
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Definition
| sex hormones secreted in small amounts by the adrenal cortex. (these sex hormones are produced primarily by the male testes and the female ovaries) contributing to secondary sex characterics. |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla secretes |
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Definition
nonsteroid hormones called catecholamines.
epinephrine
norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| or adrenaline. plays important role in the bodys response to stress by mimicking actions of the sympathetic nervous system. increases heart rate , dialates the bronchioles, decreases peristalsis in the intestines, and releasing glucose in the blood stream. |
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Term
| epinephrine is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
norepinephrine
nor-ep-ih-neh-frin |
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Definition
| noradrenaline. produces a vasoconstrictor effect on the blood vessels, thereby raising blood pressure. Like epinephrine it plays important role in bodys response to stress. |
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Term
| norepinephrine is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elogated gland located in the upper quad of the abdomen, behind the stomach. contains specialized groups of cells known as the islets of langerhans. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized groups of cells in the pancreas that produce important hormones for the body |
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Term
| islets of langerhans produce what hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon is produced by what |
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Definition
| the alpha cells of the islets of langerhans. |
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Term
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Definition
| increases blood glucose by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| the major carbohydrate stored by the body |
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Term
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Definition
| when the blood sugar level is extremely low. |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which the pancreas is stimulated to release glucagon into the bloodstream, thereby stimulating the liver to convert glycogen to glucose..glucose is then released into the bloodstream raising the overall blood glucose level |
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Term
| insulin is produced by what |
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Definition
| the beta cells of the islets of langerhans |
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Term
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Definition
| makes it possible for glucose to pass from the blood through the cell membranes to be used for energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process that insulin promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| when the blood sugar level is high |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of sugar in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive amounts of insulin in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by an overdose of insulin, a decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise by a diabetic patient that is insulin dependent. |
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Term
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Definition
| are the female sex glands |
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Term
| ovaries are also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| ovaries are located where |
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Definition
| located in the upper pelvic cavity on either side of the lateral wall of the uterus near the fimbriated ends of the fallopian tubes. they are pear shaped and held in place by ligaments. |
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Term
| the ovaries are responsible for |
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Definition
| producing mature ova and releasing them at monthly intervals during ovulation. also for producing hormones necessary to the normal growth and development of the female and to the maintenance of pregnancy. |
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Term
| the hormones produced by the ovaries are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| promotes the maturation of the ovum in the ovary and stimulates the vascularization of the uterine lining each month in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg. contributes to the secondary sex characteristics that occur with the onset of puberty |
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Term
| secondary sex characteristics for female are |
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Definition
| development of breasts, development of fat in buttocks and thighs, widening of the pelvis for childbirth, growth of pubic and axillary hair, skeletal growth spurt and general increase in size of the reproductive organs and onset of menstration. |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for the changes that occur within the uterus in anticipation of a fertilized ovum and development of paternal placenta after implantation of fertilized egg. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| testes characteristics/development |
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Definition
| the primary organs of the male reproductive system. they are two ovid glands high in the adbdominal cavity near the kidneys during gestational. one to two months before or after childbirth the testicles decend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum where they remain. |
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Term
| testes are responsible for |
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Definition
| responsible for the production of sperm and secretion of androgens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| male hormone produced by the testes, responsible for the secondary sex characterics of the male with onset of puberty and the maturation of sperm. |
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Term
| secondary sex characteristics of the male |
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Definition
| facial hair, pubic hair, deepening of the voice, growth of skeletal muscles, and enlargement of the penis, scrotum and testes. |
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Term
| graves disease is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| hyperplasia of the thyroid gland is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| a proportional overgrowth of the bodys tissue due to hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| a condition caused by the deficiency in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior pituitary gland, characterized by large amounts of urine and sodium excreted from the body is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| a chronic metabolic condition characterized by the gradual noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face,jaw, and extremeties due to hypersecrertion of human growth hormone after puberty is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| another name for the neurohypophysis is |
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Definition
| posterior pituitary gland |
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Term
| what gland controls metabolism in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin is secreted by the |
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Definition
| pancreas, beta cells of the islets of langerhans |
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Term
| the female sex glands also known as female gonads are the |
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Definition
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Term
| the male gonads, or testicles, are also known as the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement |
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Term
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Definition
| a congenital condition cause by lack of thyroid secretion. characterized by dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin, and large tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| a gland that opens onto the surface of the skin through ducts in the epithelium such as oil gland or sweat gland. |
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Term
| exophthalmia(exophthalmos) |
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Definition
| an abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which there is excessive body hair in a male distribution pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive activity of the gonads or ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| an elevated blood potassium level |
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Term
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Definition
| an elevated blood sodium level |
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Term
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Definition
| overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| less than normal potassium level |
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Term
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Definition
| less than normal blood sodium level |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| most severe form of hypothyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the excretion of large amounts of urine |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of symptoms occuring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints. a complication of hypocalcemia |
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