Term
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Definition
1. Secrete pepsinogen. Pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides.
2. Secrete gastric lipase. Splits triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides. |
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Term
| Extrinsic Muscle of the Tongue |
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Definition
1. Maneuver food for chewing.
2. Shape food into round mass (bolus).
3. Force bolus into back of mouth for swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for digestion and absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows materials from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete alkaline fluid to buffer stomach acids and mucus for protection and lubrication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls GI tract motility (movement), particularly the frequency and strength of contraction of the muscularis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emulsification of triglycerides and makes large short-chain fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids, and monoglycerides more soluble. |
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Term
| Pancreatic Islet (Islet of Langherhans) |
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Definition
| Secrete the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destroys worn-out white and red blood cells, bacteria, and other foreign matter in venous blood draining from the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives deoxygenated blood containing newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possibly microbes and toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes.
2. Causes ejection of bile from gallbladder and opening of sphincter of Oddi.
3. Induces satiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice and bile rich in bicarbonate ions. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Secretes gastrin.
2. Gastrin stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl and chief cells to secrete pepsinogen.
3. Contracts lower esophageal sphincter, increases motility of stomach, and relaxes pyloric sphincter. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Secrete intrinsic factor needed for absorption of vitamin B12.
2. Secrete hydrochloric acid which kills microbes, denatures proteins, and converts pepsinogen into pepsin. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Secrete mucus which forms a protective barrier that prevents digestion of stomach wall.
2. Absorption of a small amount of water, ions, short-chain fatty acids, and some drugs in the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Digest proteins into peptides. |
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Term
| Segmentation in the Small Intestine |
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Definition
| Mix chyme with the digestive juices and bring the particles of food into contact with the mucosa for absorption. |
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Term
| Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue |
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Definition
| Alter size and shape of tongue for speech and swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of peristalsis that moves chyme toward the ileocecal sphincter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A progression of coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis which pushes the bolus or chyme onward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stores, concentrates, and delivers bile into duodenum via common bile duct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces bile (bile salts) necessary for emulsification and absorption of lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fingerlike projections of mucosa that are sites of absorption of digested food and increase surface area for digestion and absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete saliva which softens, moistens and dissolves foods, cleanses mouth and teeth, initiates digestion of starches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows pancreatic juice and bile to flow into the duodenum. |
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Term
| Non Pathological Bacteria of the Colon |
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Definition
| Break down undigested carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids into products that can be expelled in feces or absorbed and detoxified by the liver. Synthesize certain B vitamins and vitamin K. |
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