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The Common Igneous Rock-Forming Minerals
Common Igneous Rock-Forming Minerals
30
Geology
Undergraduate 4
11/06/2011
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Term
Quartz
 Definition
SiO2
Term
Feldspars
 Definition
(KAlSi3O8 – NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8)
Term
K-Feldspars
 Definition
KAlSi3O8
Term
Microcline
 Definition
KAlSi3O8 (lo T)
Term
Orthoclase
 Definition
KAlSi3O8 (int. T)
Term
Sanidine
 Definition
KAlSi3O8 (hi T)
Term
Plagioclase Feldspars
 Definition
Ab(NaAlSi3O8)-An(CaAl2Si2O8) solid solution Series
Term
Albite
 Definition
NaAlSi3O8
Term
Anorthite
 Definition
CaAl2Si2O8
Term
Pyroxenes
 Definition
XY(Si,Al)2O6
Term
Orthophyroxenes (Opx)
 Definition
(Fe, Mg)SiO3
Term
Enstatite
 Definition
MgSiO3
Term
Hypersthene
 Definition
Abandoned term for Orhtopyroxene
Term
Ferrosilite
 Definition
FeSiO3
Term
Pigeonite
 Definition
(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe)Si2O6
Term
Clinopyroxenes (Cpx)
 Definition
(Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3
Term
Diopside
 Definition
(Mg,Ca)SiO3
Term
Hedenbergite
 Definition
(Fe,Ca)SiO3
Term
Augite
 Definition
(Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3
Term
Olivine
 Definition
Fo(Mg2SiO4) - Fa (Fe2SiO4) Solid Solution Series
Term
Forsterite
 Definition
Mg2SiO4
Term
Fayalite
 Definition
Fe2SiO4
Term
Feldspathoids ("Foids")
 Definition
Low Silica Feldspar (sort of)
Term
Leucite
 Definition
KAlSi2O6
Term
Nepheline
 Definition
(Na,K)AlSiO4
Term
Amphiboles
 Definition
W0-1X2-3Y5Z8O22(OH,F)2
A = ☐, Na, K, Ca, Pb2+
X = Li, Na, Mg, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca
Z = Li, Na, Mg, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn, Co, Ni, Al, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, V3+, Ti, Zr
Term
Hornblende
 Definition
X2-3Y5Z8O22(OH)2
(Ca,Na)2-3(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si6(Si,Al)2O22(OH)2
Term
Micas
 Definition
X2Y4–6Z8O20(OH,F)4
in which X is K, Na, or Ca or less commonly Ba, Rb, or Cs;
Y is Al, Mg, or Fe or less commonly Mn, Cr, Ti, Li, etc.;
Z is chiefly Si or Al, but also may include Fe3+ or Ti.
Term
Muscovite
 Definition
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Term
Biotite
 Definition
K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
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