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The Chemistry of Matter
Chpt 7 - Salon Fundamentals Esthetic
44
Chemistry
Professional
02/05/2010

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
Is the scientific study of matter, physical and chemical changes affecting matter and the energy changes that accompany those processes.
Term
Chemists
Definition
Scientists who study matter, its properties and changes.
Term
Biochemistry
Definition
Is the study of chemical reactions, such as growth, reproduction and respiration, that occur within a living organism.
Term
Organic Chemistry
Definition
Deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at one time. This is a study of matter containing carbon, which is present in all plants and animals.
Term
Inorganic Chemistry
Definition
Deals with matter that was never living and does not contain carbon.
Term
Matter
Definition
Is anything that occupies space.
Term
Solids
Definition
Matter with definite weight, volume and shape. EX: Skin
Term
Liquids
Definition
Matter with definite weight and volume, but no shape. EX: Lotions
Term
Gases
Definition
Matter with definite weight, but indefinite volume and shape. EX: Air
Term
Physical Change
Definition
Is a change in the physical form of a substance without creating a new substance possessing a distinct material composition.
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
Is a change in a substance that creates a new substance with different material characteristics from those of the original substance.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
Is the process of a solid or gas changing states without becoming a liquid.
Term
Energy
Definition
Is the ability to do work to accomplish some change.
Term
Elements
Definition
Are basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction. Are referred to as pure substances. EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen
Term
Periodic Law
Definition
The unifying concept used to organize elements and their similarities.
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
The number shown in the periodic table with each element is the elements ___ and indicates how many protons are in a single atom of the element.
Term
(COHNS) Carbon C, Oxygen O, Hydrogen H, NItrogen N, Sulphur S
Definition
Components of major biologican molecules
Term
Produce electrolytes responsible for fluid balance and nerve signal transmission
Definition
Potassium K, Sodium Na, Chlorine Cl
Term
Calcium Ca, Magnesium Mg
Definition
Bones, nerve function
Term
Zinc Zn, Stronium Sr, Iron Fe, Copper Cu, Cobalt Co, Manganese Mn
Definition
Essential trace metals in human metabolism
Term
Cadmium Cd, Mercury Hg, Lead Pb
Definition
Inhalation or ingestion of these heavy metals can produce toxic effects.
Term
Atoms
Definition
Are the smallest complete unit of an element. Made up of three particles, Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Term
Protons
Definition
Have a positive electrical charge (+) and identify the atom as, example, a hydrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Have no electrical charge. They are "neutrally charged". ___ & protons together determine the molecular weight (MW) of each element.
Term
Electrons
Definition
Have a negative electrical charge (-). Under certain circumstances, ______ enable atoms to unite with other atoms to form bonds.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Protons and neutrons are packed together tightly to form a dense core, at the center of the atom.
Term
Free Electron
Definition
Is the name given to an electron in the outermost orbit that is easily moved from its orbit. If another atom has a shortage of electrons, ____ will attempt to move to the other atom.
Term
Molecule
Definition
Is the smallest particle of a compound that has all the chemical properties of that compound. When unstable atoms combine chemically by sharing electrons, ___ are formed.
Term
Compounds
Definition
Created by chemically uniting two different elements.
Term
Chemical Bonds
Definition
Formation of molecules that hold atoms together in compounds.
Term
Three Major Biochemical Compound Groups
Definition
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Term
Proteins
Definition
Basic materials the body uses help the body construct and renew itself.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Are materials that dissolve and break down large molecules into smaller ones.
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
Are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen that join together in chains to form proteins. There are 22 common amino acids, each with its own distinct chemical structure.
Term
Peptide Bond
Definition
Is a bond uniting two amino acid groups.
Term
Polypeptide Chain
Definition
Is thousands of amino acids connected lengthwise to form a chain.
Term
Monomers
Definition
Basic building-block molecules
Term
Polymers
Definition
Groups of monomers that bond together
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Monomers & Polymers found in the body; are used by the body to store energy and play a key role in metabolism
Term
Saccharide
Definition
A simple unit of a carbohydrate
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
A single saccharide
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
Are two saccharides linked together.
Term
Polysachharides
Definition
Many saccharides linked together
Term
Lipids
Definition
Are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) and are not formed by the linkage of basic molecule units like proteins and polysaccharides.
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