Term
| Procedural Democratic Theory |
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Definition
| a view of democry as being embodied in a decision-making process that involves universa participation, political equality, majority rule, and responsiveness |
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| Substantive Democratic Theory |
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| The view that democracy is embodied in the substance of government policies rather than the policymaking procedure |
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| Majoritarian model of democracy |
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| government by the majority of the people |
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| Pluralist Model of Democracy |
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| government by the people through competing interesting groups |
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| The belief that the people agree to set up rules for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against their purposes |
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| A government without a monarch, a government rooted in the consent of the governed, whose power is exercised by elected representatives responsible to the governed |
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| a loose associaton of independent states that agree to cooperate on specified matters. |
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| 2/3 vote - majority greater than the minimum 50% plus one |
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| What are the four basic principles of the constitution? |
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Definition
| republicanism, federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances |
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| powers explicitly granted to congress in the constitution |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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| Section 8 Article 1, gives congress meas to execute its enumerated powers the clause is the basic for congress's implied powers |
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| The clause in article 5 of the constitution that asserts that national laws take precedence over state and local laws when they conflict |
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| No written constitution, just ordinary law. Government doesn't see the need of one, though british populace wants one. Incorporated Human Rights Act in 2000 |
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| a view that holds that the constition is a compact among sovereigh states so that the powers of the national government and the states are clearly differentiated |
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| view that rights not specifically conferred on the national gov by the const. are reserved to the states |
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| given by elastic clause/necessary and proper cause, powers that congress needs to carry out it's enumerated powers |
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| the third clause of article 1 section 8 of the constitution, which gives congress the power to regulate commerce among the states |
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| money provided by one level of government to another to be spent for a given purpose |
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| grants-in-aid targeted fr a specific purpose by either formula or project |
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| Categorical grants distributed according to a particular set of rules, called a formula that specify who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive |
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| categorical grants awarded on the basic of competitive applications submitted by prospective recipients to perform a specific task or function |
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| Grants in aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the recipient great discretion in the spending of grant money |
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| the power of congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function |
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| a requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service in keeping with minimum national standards |
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| a requirement laid down by act of congress, prohibiting a state or local gov from exercising certain power |
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| the government units that administer a city or town |
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| government districts designated to perform specific functions |
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| a distribution of opinions that shows two responses being chosen about as frequently as the other |
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Definition
| leaders who follow news in specific policy areas |
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Term
| two-step flow of communication |
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Definition
| the process in which a few policy elites gather information and then inform their more numerous followers, mobilizing them to apply pressure to government |
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Term
| What is an example of the differences between conventional and unconventional participation? |
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Definition
| voting as opposed to a march |
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Term
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Definition
| A lessening of the importance of party loyalties in voting decisions |
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Definition
| A committee of a political party composed of party chairpersons and party officials from every state |
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Definition
| A meeting to select party leaders and decide committee assignments, held at the beginning of a session of congress by republicans or democrats in each chamber |
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Term
| Congressional Campaign Committee |
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Definition
| An organization by a political party to raise funds to support its own candidates in congressional elections |
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Definition
| a preliminary election conducted within a political party to select candidates who will run for public office in a subsequent election |
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| A primary election in which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot containing that parties potential nominees |
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Definition
| a primary election in which voters need not declare their party affiliation and can choose one parties primary ballot to take into the voting booth |
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| a primary election that allows individual state parties to decide whether they permit independents to vote in their primaries and for which offices |
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| A Primary election that entitles independent voters to vote in a parties primary |
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| A special primary election used to select delegates to attend the party's national convention which in tern nominates the presidential candidate |
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Definition
| a method used to select delegate to attent a partys national convention. Generall a local meeting selects delegats for a county level meeting, which in turn selects delegates for a higher level meeting. leads to a state and national conventional |
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Definition
| States practice of moving delegate election primaries and causes earlier in the calendar year to gain media and candidate attention |
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| in voting, a single party's candidates for all offices |
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Definition
| In voting, candidates from different parties for different offices |
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Term
| First-past the post elections |
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Definition
| a british term for elections conducted in a single member districts that award victory to the candidate with the most votes |
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Term
| Federal Election Commission (FEC) |
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Definition
| A bipartisan fed agency of six members that oversees the financing of national election campaigns |
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| financial contributions given directly to a candidate running for congressional office or the presidency |
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| Financial Contributions to party committees for capital and operational expenses |
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| committees named after section 527 of the internal revenue code, they enjoy tax exempt status in electional campaigns if they are unaffiliated with political parties and take positions on issues, not specific candidates |
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