Term
|
Definition
| a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch found in a plant or animal. Examples are a cyst, vacuole, the cell itself, and it includes most cellular components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialized cellular part that is analogous to an organ. Examples are a mitochondrion, lysosome, or ribosome. (ex-mitochandria is the heart). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clear fluid within the cell. Organelles. Particles (ex-fat globules, glycogen granules), proteins, electrolytes, and gluclose are all dispersed within the cytosol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Includes the entire cellular interior. From cell membrane to the nucleus....it includes the cytosol and all the organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of tubular and flat vesicular structures that interconnect. |
|
|
Term
| endoplasmic matrix (and types of enzymes it contains) |
|
Definition
| the fluid inside the space within the ER that contains metabolic enzymes such as ones for glycogenolysis and those that metabolize drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 componets of the ER and describe them |
|
Definition
| The Rough ER has ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic membrane. the ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. The smooth ER is the location of lipid synthesis and does not include ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| Which lipids are primarily synthesized at the smooth ER? what do the lipids do to the size of the bilayer? |
|
Definition
| Cholesterol and phospholipids. These lipids are rapidly incorporated into the ER lipid bilayer which increases its size. To offset this increase, small ER vesicles are released from the ER which keeps the size in a constant range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ER synthesizes enzymes that control glycogen breakdown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesizes enzymes that control glycogen breakdown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesizes enzymes that break down compounds like drugs that may damage the cell |
|
|
Term
| What does the ER do with synthesized materials? How does this occur? |
|
Definition
| the ER will package synthesized materials for transport to the Golgi apparatus by pinching off a part of the ER membrane to form ER vesicles. The ER vesicle migrates to the golgi apparatus where it fuses with the membrane, liberating the contents |
|
|
Term
| Structure of the golgi apparatus |
|
Definition
| four stacked layers of thin flat vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) take materials delivered by ER and modify, process, and repackage them to form lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and other cytoplasmic cytoplasmic components 2) Proteoglycan synthesis 3) synthesis of compounds needed to replenish cellular and organelle membranes |
|
|
Term
| Where are proteoglycans synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large saccharide polymers bound to proteins (ex - hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate) |
|
|
Term
| Where are proteoglycans found? |
|
Definition
| mucus, interstitial fluid, and are principal components of the matrices of bone and cartilage |
|
|
