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| 3 parts of the cell theory |
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1. All living things are made of cells
2. Every new cell comes from the division of a pre existing cell
3. Cells are the basic unit of life |
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| Have cells walls, capsule, fimbrae, conjugation pili, small, lack membrane bound organelles |
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| Larger in size, contain membrane bound organelles |
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| List 4 cellular structures uniquely associated with prokaryotic cells |
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| Cell walls, capsule, fimbrae, conjugation pili |
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| 4 structures unique to plant cells |
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| Cells walls, vacuoles, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata |
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| 3 structures unique to plant cells |
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| centrioles, extracellular matrix, other cell junctions |
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| sturdy, flexible, selectively permeable |
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| the aqueous interior (cytosol) plus the organelles |
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| membrane bound "mini-organs" |
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| RNA/ protein complexes; site of protein synthesis |
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| manufactures proteins and lipids |
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| Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn out cell parts |
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site of cellular respiration which extracts energy from glucose to make ATP
("mighty mitochondria") |
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| the sire of photosynthesis that captures energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy in the bonds of glucose |
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| Microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin, myosin, kinesin, dynein |
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| Describe the structure of the cell membrane in terms of the 4 main biomolecules present |
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Phospholipid bilayer- very flexible
Cholesterol- gives structure to the membrane
Glycolipids & glycoproteins- cell identity markers
Proteins |
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form channels
(membrane protein) |
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form connections
(membrane protein) |
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move atoms and molecules across the membrane
(membrane protein) |
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bind to a signal molecule to initiate a response in the cell
(membrane protein) |
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an enzyme attached to the membrane
(membrane protein) |
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allows stretching
(cell junction) |
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forms a solid barrier
(cell junction) |
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allow communication
(cell junction) |
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| a meshwork of proteins and polysaccharides outside the cell membrane; may be hard, gelatinous, or liquid |
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| movement of molecules from an area of higher solute concentration gradient; does not require ATP, but uses kinetic energy |
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| requires large amounts of ATP to pump solutes into or out of the cell, against concentration gradients |
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| molecules move through gaps in membrane |
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| molecules move through gaps in membrane |
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| molecules move through a channel protein |
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| movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
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| greater concentration of solutes as inside the cell= osmotic pressure on both sides |
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| greater concentration of solutes than inside the cell= outside has lower osmotic pressure so water moves out of the cell |
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| greater concentration of solutes than inside the cell= outside has greater osmotic pressure so water moves into the cell |
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| uses Sodium Potassium Pump |
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