Term
| Problems with autorhythmic fibers can result in: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac excitation normally begins in the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The sinoatrial node is located in the: |
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Definition
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Term
| From the AV node, the action potential enters the: |
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Definition
| Atrioventricular bundle or bundle of HIS |
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Term
| After the action potential enters the bundle of HIS it enters both the: |
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Definition
| Right and left bundle branches |
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Term
| The instrument used to record heart changes is an: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricular depolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization |
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Term
| Larger P waves indicate enlargement of an |
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Definition
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Term
| T wave may be elevated in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| End Diastolic Volume (EDV) mL minus End Systolic Volume (ESV) mL |
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Term
| The first heart sound represents the |
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Definition
| "Dub" - closure of the atrioventricular valves |
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Term
| The second heart sounds represents the |
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Definition
| "Lub" - closure of the semilunar valves |
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Term
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Definition
| CO (mL/min) = Stroke Volume (mL/beat) x Heart Rate (beats/min) |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle in one beat |
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Term
| Three factors that regulate stroke volume |
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Definition
| Preload, contractility, afterload |
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Term
| Conditions that can increase afterload include |
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Definition
| Hypertension and narrowing of arteries by artherosclerosis |
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Term
| Name two factors that contribute to regulation of heart rate |
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Definition
| Autonomic Nervous System and hormones released by the adrenal medullae (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
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Term
| Sensory receptors that provide input to the cardiovascular center include: |
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Definition
| Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor chemical changes in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor stretching (blood pressure) |
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Term
| Examples of chemical regulation of heart rate |
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Definition
| Hypoxia, acidosis (low pH), alkalosis (high pH) |
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Term
| Cations that have a large effect on cardiac function |
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Definition
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Term
| Regular exercise helps reduce |
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Definition
| Blood pressure, anxiety, depression, control weight, increase the bodies ability to dissolve blood clots. |
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Term
| The first sound (S1) _____, is associated with closure of the _____ valves. |
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Definition
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Term
| The second sound (S2) _____, is associated with closure of the _____ valves. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or the pulmonary trunk each minute |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nerve impulses reach the heart via the right and left _____ nerves which _____ heart rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Two hormones that affect the heart rate |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| Two types of cardiomegaly |
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Definition
| physiological and pathological |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The heart lies in the mediastinum, an anatomical region that extends from the _____ to the vertebral column, from the first rib to the _____ and between the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| The pericardium consists of two main parts |
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Definition
| Fibrous and serous pericardium |
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Term
| The space that contains the few milliliters of pericardial fluid is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| The wall of the heart has 3 layers |
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Definition
| Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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Term
| The right atrium forms the right border of the heart and receives blood from three veins |
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Definition
| Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus |
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Term
| The left atrium is about the same thickness as the right atrium and forms most of the _____ of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| The ductus arteriosus normally closes shortly after birth, leaving a remnant known as the |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart |
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Definition
Foundation for which valves attach
Insertion for cardiac muscle
Prevents over stretching
Electrical insulator |
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Term
| The two semilunar valves are |
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Definition
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Term
| The right coronary artery divided into two branches |
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Definition
| Posterior interventricular artery, marginal artery |
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Term
| The left coronary artery divided into two branches |
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Definition
| Anterior interventricular artery, circumflex artery |
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Term
| All cardiac veins drain into the _____, which open directly into the _____ |
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Definition
| Coronary sinus; right atrium |
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Term
| The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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Definition
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