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The Brainstem/Cranial Nerves
Dr. Babler 2-26-09
31
Health Care
Professional
03/07/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
Definition

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Term
What makes the brainstem so complex and important?
Definition
It not only do all the nerves traveling to and from the body pass through this tiny area but 10 of the 12 cranial nerves also originate from the brainstem.
Term
What part of the brainstem do cranial nerves 3 and 4 originate from?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
What part of the brainstem do cranial nerves 5,6,7 and 8 originate from?
Definition

The PONS

 

(Very important to know)

Term
What part of the brain do 9, 10, 11, 12 originate from?
Definition
The Medulla
Term
Give an example of a Special Somatic Afferent
Definition
The eye (sight)
Term
Give an example of a Special Visceral Afferent
Definition
Taste
Term
What do SVE's innervate?
Definition
They innervate muscle originating from branchial arches
Term
What are GVE and explain their innervation of the parotid gland.
Definition

General Visceral Efferents

-Autonomic parasympathetic fibers

 

They originate in the inferior salvitory nucleus, go back through the middle ear, back into the cranial cavity out through the foramen ovale to the otic ganglion

Term
What is the function of the Solitary Nucleus?
Definition
Taste and all other SVA's
Term
What is the function of the salivatory nucleus?
Definition
Salivation
Term
What is the function of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nucleus?
Definition
Muscles of mastication
Term
What is the function of the facial nucleus?
Definition
Movement of the facial muscles
Term
What is the function of the nucleus ambiguous?
Definition

Special Visceral Efferents

(Styloglossus)

Term
What is the function of the dorsal motor nucleus of X?
Definition
General Visceral Efferents
Term
What is the function of the hypoglossal nucleus?
Definition
Tongue movement
Term
What is the nucleus, ganglion, and target of CN III?
Definition

Nucleus:  Edinger-Westphal

 

Ganglion:  Ciliary

 

Target:  Sphincter pupillae and cillary mm.

Term
What is the nucleus, ganglion, and target of CN VII?
Definition

Nucleus:  Superior Salivatory

 

Ganglion:  Pterygo-palatine  Submandibular

 

Target:  Lacrimal and palatal glands

-Submandibular and sublingual glands

Term
What is the nucleus, ganglion, and target of CN IX?
Definition

Nucleus:  Inferior Salivatory

 

Ganglion:  Otic

 

Target:  Parotid Gland

Term
What is the nucleus, ganglion, and target of CN X?
Definition

Nucleus:  Dorsal Motor N.

 

Ganglion:  Multiple

 

Target:  Glands and Smooth Muscles

Term
Where is taste processed?
Definition
The solitary nucleus, aka the gustatory nucleus!
Term
What is unique about the pathways of sensations that happen around the oral cavity (i.e. taste).
Definition
They travel to the brain via a unilateral route but then typically split and distribute bilaterally once they reach the brain.
Term
Describe the salivary-taste reflex.
Definition
Taste afferents enter the solitary nucleus, the signal travels to the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei, which passes a signal to the salivary glands.
Term
In what nucleus do CN V, VII, and X process their pain?
Definition
The spinal nucleus of V
Term
What is the special tract running from the spinal tract of V to the brain called?
Definition
Ventral Trigeminothalamic Lemniscus
Term
What is the function of the mesencephalic nucleus?
Definition

Proprioception of the jaw

-allows the trigeminal motor nucleus to prevent the damage of teeth from excess closing.

Term
What is the function of the trigeminothalmic tract?
Definition

ALMOST entirely for pain and temperature impulses.

-Go to postcentral gyrus to localize and quntitate pain.

Term
What are the three parts of the spinal nucleus of CN V?  Whats their primary functions?
Definition

Oral- Trigeminal reflexes

Interpolar- Pain and Temp

Caudal- Pain and Temp

Term
Explain the Masticatory Reflex
Definition

1.  Proprioception fibers from masticatory muscles and teeth enter the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus.

2.  The signal is then transferred to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

3.  The signal is then passed on to the muscles of mastication.

Term
Why is the corticobulbar tract important?
Definition

The muscles of the head, neck, and face are controlled by the corticobulbar tract, which runs from the motor cortex to the "bulb" or medulla oblongata.

 

This is in contrast to the corticospinal tract talked about earlier.

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