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| Tissue destruction, A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue. |
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| The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brain stem is responsible for automatic survival functions. |
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| The base of the brain stem; controls heart beat and breathing. |
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| The brain's sensory router,located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving area in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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| A nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousal |
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| Position Emission Tomography (PET) Scan |
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| A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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| A technique that usus magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy |
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| Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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| An amplified recording of the waves pf electrical activity seeping across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes places on the scalp |
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| A technique for revealing bloodflow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. |
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| the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; function include processing sensory output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory |
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| neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. Contains hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus |
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| two lima-bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion |
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| A neural structure below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities such as eating, drinking, and body temperature, and helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward |
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| The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |
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| Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements. |
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| Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position. |
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| Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields |
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| Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear |
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| Ares of the cerebral cortex that area not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. |
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| Registers and processes body touch and movement |
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| The brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. |
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| The formation of new neurons |
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| The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
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| A condiution resulting from surgery tht isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly of the corpus callosum) connecting them |
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