Term
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Definition
| antigenic determinant where antibodies bind to |
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Term
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Definition
| Globular serum proteins that antibodies constitute |
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Term
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Definition
| antibody tools that are products of many different clones of B-cells, each specific for a different epitope |
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Term
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Definition
| antibody tools that are prepared for a single clone of B-cells grown in culture, identical, specific for same epitope on an antigen |
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Term
| What is the tail of an antibody useful for? |
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Definition
| antigen distribution in body, mechanisms by which it medites antigen disposal. |
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Term
| What are the five types of heavy chain costant reasons (5 classes of antibodies)? |
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Definition
| IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE |
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Term
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Definition
| Pentameter: 1st antibodes to respond, then their numbers decrease in blood, large five binding sites good for agglutination or complement involved reations, too large to cross Placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer: most abundant, crosses blood vessels into tissue fluids and placenta to confer passive immunity on fetus, protects against bacteria..small stuffs in blood and lymph, triggers complement system action |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimer oy secretions and mucuous membrane produced, prevents attachment of viruses and bateria to epithelial surfaces, in milk to prevent GI infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer: does not activate placenta or complement system, on cytosurfaces as antigen receptors that help differentiation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Monomer: not many in blood, attaches to mast cells and basophils and antigens trigger it to cause cell to release histamine to cause allergic reactions |
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Term
| Name the six antibody disposal mechanisms. |
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Definition
| Neuralization, opsonization, agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, immune adherence |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibody binds to antigen and blocks activity, coating their vital areas, |
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Term
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Definition
| bound antigens enhance macrophage attachment to and phagocytosis of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies with multiple binding sites can grab several antigens at a time to be digested, IgM-5, IgG-2 |
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Term
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Definition
| soluble antigens dissolved in body fluids are immobilized to be eaten |
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Term
| Define : Complement Fixation |
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Definition
| activation of complement system by antigen-antibody complexes |
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Term
| How is lysis achieved by complement system? |
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Definition
| Two ways: 1. Classical Pathway is triggered by antibodies bound to antigen and is important in humoral response. 2. Alternative Pathway is triggered by substances that are naturally present on many bacteria, yeast, etc...does not involve antibodies and is thus a specific defense |
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Term
| Define : Classical Pathway |
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Definition
| IgM or IgG antibodies attach to pathogen. Then first complement component links to two bound antibodies and is thus activated. They then generate Membrane Attack Complexes which form a pore in the membrane, which lyses. Note: MACs are similar to perforins from Cytotoxic T-Cells |
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Term
| Define : Immune Adherence |
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Definition
| Entire Immune system's teamwork |
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Term
| What are things that complement proteins lead to? |
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Definition
| Inflammation, binding to basophils and mast cells, release of histamine (which dilates and permeates), attraction of phagocytes, opsonization |
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Term
| What are the body defenses of invertebrates like? |
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Definition
| Innate, nonspecific, produces hemolin: equivalent to the antibodies in vertebrates, they are proteins that help bind to microbes and assist in disposal |
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