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Definition
| Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. |
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Definition
| Break down large molecules to smaller ones and release energy. |
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| Building up of large chemicals and require energy. |
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Definition
| The acquisition of food and other raw materials. |
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| The process of converting food into a usable soluble form that can pass through membranes in the digestive tract and enter the body. |
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| The passage of nutrient molecules through the lining of the digestive tract into the body proper. Absorbed molecules pass through cells lining the digestive tract by diffusion or active transport. |
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| The circulation of essential compounds required to nourish the tissues, and the removal of waste products from the tissues. |
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| The building up of new tissues from digested food materials. |
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Definition
| The consumption of oxygen by the body. Cells use oxygen to convert glucose into ATP, a ready source of energy for cellular activities. |
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Definition
| The removal of easte products (such as carbon dioxide, water,and urea) produced during metabolic processes like respiration and assimilation. |
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Definition
| The creation of complex molecules from simple ones (anabolism) |
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Definition
| The control of physiological activities. |
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Definition
| Body's metabolism functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment. It is also regulated by hormones and the nervous system. |
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Definition
| The ability to respond to a stimulus and is part of regulation. |
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Definition
| An increase in size due to synthesis of new materials. |
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Definition
| Process by which plants convert CO2 and H20 into carbohydrates. Sunlight is harnessed by chlorophyll to drive this reaction. |
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Definition
| The generation of additional individuals of a species. |
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Term
| All living things are primarily composed of ____. |
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Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous. |
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| What are the components of protoplasm? |
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Definition
| Traces of Magnesium, iodine, iron, calcium, and other minerals. |
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Definition
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| What are inorganic compounds? |
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Definition
| Compounds that do not contain the element carbon including salts and HCl. |
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| What are organic compounds? |
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Definition
Compounds that are made by the living system and contain Carbon.
Ex. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids. |
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Term
| Carbohydrates are composed of _____; in a _ to _ to _ ratio. |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 1 to 2 to 1 ratio. |
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| Carbohydrates store _____ and _____ for the use of energy. |
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Definition
| Glucose and glycogen in animals, and starch stores energy in plants. |
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Term
| What is a monosaccharide? |
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Definition
Single sugar subunits.
Ex. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose |
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Term
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Definition
| Two monosaccharide subunits joined by a dehydration synthesis. (loss of water) |
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| What is a polysaccharide? |
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Definition
They are polymers or chains of repeating monosaccharide subunits.
Ex. Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose |
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| How are polysaccharides formed and then broken back down to smaller subunits? |
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Definition
Formed by removing water (Dehydration)
Broken down by adding water (Hydrolysis) |
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Term
| What does a lipid consist of? |
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Definition
| Consists of 3 fatty acid molecules bonded to a single glycerol backbone. |
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| What are fatty acids composed of? |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. |
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Term
| Fatty acids have long carbon chains that give them their _______ character, and they also have carboyxlic acid ends that make them ____. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Lipids are the chief means of food storage in animals. |
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Definition
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| ______ release more energy per gram weight than any other class of biological compounds. |
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Definition
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| Name 5 lipid derivatives: |
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Definition
| Phospholipids, Waxes, Steroids, Carotenoids, Porphyrins |
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