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| smallest units of elements that still has the chemical properties of that element |
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| the smallest unit of a compound compsode of atoms covantly bond to each other |
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| a substance composed of atoms that can not be chemically broken down |
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| came up with the idea of Atoms |
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| 6 most important elements in organisms: CHONPS |
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| Carbon. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nytrogen, Phosphate, Sulfur |
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| a substance composed of 2 or more elments |
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| elements with different number of neutrons |
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Mass: 1amu
Charge: +
Where: neutrons
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Mass: 1amu
Charge: neutral
Where: nucleus |
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Mass: 0amu
Charge: -
Where: energy shells ( on outsuide of nucleus)
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| radioactive isotopes used to help biological reasearch |
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| a conclusion that follwos logically from the labratory data |
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| making and breaking of chemical bonds |
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| the sharing or transfering of electrons from one atom to another |
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| the transfering of electrons from one atom to another |
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| an atom with a positive or negative charge, aquired by losing or gaining a electron |
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| the idea that mattercan be created nor destroyed |
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| the energy used to start a chemical reaction |
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| able to dissolve in water |
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| not able to dissolve in water |
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| a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby slightly negative hydrogen atom of water molecule |
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| When NaCl separates ions remain from a hydrogen bond, Na is attracted to and Cl is attracted to . |
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Na+ is attracted to slightly negative charged water
Cl- is attracted to slighlty positive charged water |
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OH-
more hydroxide = basic |
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| a scale that tells you how acidic or basic a substance is |
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| a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen, in all living organisms |
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| very large and complex molecule |
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| in all living cells, and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms with a 2:1 ration like water |
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| the simplest carb;a single sugar |
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| double sugars; composed of 2 monosaccharides |
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| complex carb; formed when several glucose molecules bond to together |
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| table sugar = glucose + frutose |
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| milk sugar = glucose + galactose |
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| malt sugar = glucose + glucose |
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| when 2 molecules bond to form a product and a drop of water |
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1) fatty acids
2) glycerol |
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1) long term storing of energy and carbon
2) building up the cell membrane |
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| fats made up of fatty acids in which single bonds join with the carbon atoms |
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| fats made up of fatty acids in which double bonds join with some of the carbon atoms |
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| part of the cell membrane structure of animal cells, important in nutritions |
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| a type of lipid that forms when a molecule of glycerol combines with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group; helps proteins form cell membranes |
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| structural components of cell |
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1) giver and reciever f messages
2) defense against disease
3) makes up your hair, muscles, skin and part of your skeloton
4) enzyme |
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| Bulding blocks of proteins... |
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| a covalent bond formed between 2 amino acids |
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| a long chain of amino acids |
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| Sturucture of polypeptides |
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| tendency for non polar amino acids to avoid water |
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| macromolecules that dictates the amino acid sequence of proteins |
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substance that makes up nucliec acids;
made up of:
1. pentacose (ribosome or deoxyribose)
2. nitrogen base
3. phosphate group |
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| DNA (*deoxyribose nuclieic acid) and RNA (ribose nuliec acid) |
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DNA- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine (double stranded)
RNA- adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine( single stranded)
A + T or U
G + C |
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| created the DNA structure still used today |
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| came up with the idea that DNA is a double helix |
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| unis of genetic info passed from parent to offspring |
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| the code of 3 amino acids used by DNA |
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| DNA has the ability to produce protein on the ribsomes |
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