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| layer of gases surrounding Earth |
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| solids such as dust, salt, and pollen and tiny liquid droplets such as acids in the atmosphere |
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| atmospheric layer closest to Earth's surface; upward about 10 km; 3/4 matter in Earth's entire atmosphere; nearly all of its clouds/weather |
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| above the troposphere; 10-50 km above Earth's surface |
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| heated by conduction; most of the heat is Earth's surface; warmest near surface and cool as altitude increases |
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| 50-80 km above Earth's surface; little ozone so less heat absorbed; temperature drops to the lowest temperatures in the atmosphere here |
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| most atmospheric ozone is contained here;warms as you go upward through it; without ozone in this layer too much radiation would reach Earth's surface; this ozone absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation |
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| 85-500 km above the Earth's surface; temperatures rapidly increase to more than 1,700 degrees Celsius |
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| layer that filters out X rays and gamma rays from the Sun |
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| outermost layer; extends where space begins and contains atoms; no clear boundary between this layer and space |
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| Earth's surface - % of water |
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| solid (snow or ice), liquid (oceans, lakes & rivers) and gas (atmosphere) |
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| 3 states of water and existence |
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| Earth's water is in constant motion in a never-ending process |
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| What does Sun's radiant energy power? |
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| When water has enough heat energy, it changes from liquid water into water vapor in a process called _________. |
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| water transferred into atmosphere from plant leaves |
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| water vapor moves up through the atmosphere and becomes cooler; molecules slow down; change back into droplets of liquid water |
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| water droplet grow in size when 2 or more droplet run together; droplets bcome large enough to be visible forming clouds;large enough in atmosphere and fall to Earth as..... |
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| describes the current condition of the atmosphere |
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| temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and air pressure |
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| measures how fast air molecules are moving |
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| The faster molecules are moving, the _____________ the temperature is. |
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| transfer of energy that results when molecules ocllide; transfers heat from Earth's surface to those momlecules in the air that are in contact with it |
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| the process of warm air rising and cool air sinking |
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| __________ has ____________ and therefore exerts pressure. |
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| Three solid particles that can be found in the atmosphere |
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| Weight of air exerts __________. |
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| When air is ___________; its molecules move faster, and the air __________. |
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| the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere |
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| When air is holding as much water vapor as it can, it is said to be saturated and condensation can occur. The temperature at which this takes place is called the _______ _______. |
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| a measure of the amount of water vapor that is present compared to the amount that could be held at a specific temperature |
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| form when air rises, cools to its dew point, and becomes saturated |
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| Clouds commonly are classified according to the __________________ at which they bigin to form. |
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| puffy clouds tha tform when air currents rise, carrying moisture with them |
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| stratus clouds - low clouds |
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| form dull, gray sheets that can cover the entire sky; expect some type of precipitation |
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| form low, dark, thick layers that blot out the sun |
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| 2,000-8,000 meters; layered variety; prefix alto; produce light precipitation; mixture of liquid water / ice crystals |
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| clouds made up entirely of ice crystals |
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| high,layered clouds that sometimes cover the entire sky |
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| create the heaviest precipitation of all; thunderstorm clouds |
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| when drops of water or crystals of ice become too large to be suspended in a cloud |
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| rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail |
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| air moving from one temperature or pressure area to another |
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| wind speed is measred by using this instrument |
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| Air moves from an area of high air pressure to an area of low air pressure. The wind that is created travels a distance of 14 km in 2 h. What is the wind speed? (Speed: rate = distance / time) |
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| Because the Earth rotates, this moving air is deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left south of the equator |
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| Weather forcasters often show the position of a ________ _________ to help explain the movements of weather systems. |
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| large body of air that develops over a particular region nof Earth's surface |
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| where air masses of different temperatures meet, a boundary between them is created |
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| when a cold air mass advances and pushes under a warm air mass, the warm air is forced to rise |
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| warm, less dense air slides up and over the colder, denser air mass |
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| where a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet by neither advances |
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| fast-moving cold fron overtakes a slower warm front |
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| develop from cumulonimbus clouds |
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| energy flow that occurs between areas of opposite elecrical charge |
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